# US 10,481,284 B2 · Modular gamma imaging device

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- Number: US 10,481,284 B2
- Document ID: US10481284B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/007,457
- Filed: 2018-06-13
- Published: 2019-04-25
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2017-10-19
- Assignees: Kromek Group, PLC
- Applicants: Kromek Group, PLC
- Inventors: James William Hugg; Brian William Harris; Franklin Dean Walker; Sarah Melissa Thomson; Brian Patrick McVay; Rolf Martin Clajus
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10481284B2

## CPC

- G01T 1/243: {Modular detectors, e.g. arrays formed from self contained units (constructional or manufacturing details H10W90/00)}
- G01T 1/249: {specially adapted for use in SPECT or PET (SPECT imaging G01T1/1642; PET imaging G01T1/2985; detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects G01V5/20)}
- G01T 1/366: {with semi-conductor detectors}
- G21F 1/085: {Heavy metals or alloys}
- G01T: MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION (radiation analysis of materials, mass spectrometry G01N23/00; tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles H01J47/00)
- G21F: PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR (radiation protection by pharmaceutical means A61K8/00, A61Q17/04; in cosmonautic vehicles B64G1/54; combined with a reactor G21C11/00; combined with X-ray tubes H01J35/16; combined with X-ray apparatus H05G1/02)

## Abstract

One embodiment provides an imaging device, including: an enclosure comprising a casing and a radiation lining arranged within the casing to provide a radiation shield, wherein the enclosure comprises a removable portion; a plurality of modular components being in communication with calibration code, wherein the calibration code calibrates the imaging device based upon information of the plurality of modular components; each of the plurality of modular components comprising a plurality of gamma detectors including semiconductor crystals and being removable from the imaging device; the plurality of modular components being arranged such that the plurality of gamma detectors are configured in an array configuration with each of the plurality of gamma detectors having a predetermined spacing from each other gamma detector; a plurality of electronic communication components, wherein the plurality of electronic communication components facilitate communication from each of the gamma detectors using a hierarchical communication technique; and a cooling system.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An imaging device, comprising:
an enclosure comprising a casing and a radiation lining arranged within the casing to provide a radiation shield, wherein the enclosure comprises a removable portion;
a plurality of modular components being in communication with calibration code, wherein the calibration code calibrates the imaging device based upon information of the plurality of modular components;
each of the plurality of modular components comprising a plurality of gamma detector elements including semiconductor crystals and being removable from the imaging device;
the plurality of modular components being arranged such that the plurality of gamma detector elements are configured in an array configuration with each of the plurality of gamma detector elements having a predetermined spacing from each other gamma detector element, wherein the predetermined spacing is based upon a gap tolerance of the semiconductor crystals and wherein the predetermined spacing is maintained by the plurality of modular components upon replacement of one of the plurality of gamma detector elements, wherein each of the plurality of modular components corresponds to one of a plurality of drawers and each of the plurality of drawers are mounted on a slideable mechanism, wherein each of the drawers is parallel to a bottom plane of the imaging device; and
a plurality of electronic communication components, wherein the plurality of electronic communication components facilitate communication from each of the gamma detector elements to a processor using a hierarchical communication technique; and
a cooling system.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the calibration code calibrates the imaging device upon exchange of at least one of the plurality of modular components.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the calibration code is associated with energy calibration, uniformity calibration, and nonconforming pixel locations.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the calibration code provides an initial calibration based upon the components of the imaging device.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of semiconductor crystals comprises a plurality of cadmium-zinc-telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) or cadmium-telluride (CdTe) crystals.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the enclosure comprises a top side, a bottom side, and four lateral sides and wherein the removable portion comprises one of the four lateral sides.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of modular components are grouped into a drawer and wherein the drawer comprises a slideable mechanism allowing the drawer of modular components to move parallel to a side of the enclosure.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The imaging device of claim 7, wherein the drawer comprises a mechanical stop block that, when in operation, prevents movement of the slideable mechanism.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the modular components comprise a plurality of gamma detector elements grouped as a module and a plurality of electronic communication components.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The imaging device of claim 9, wherein each of the electronic communication components is assigned to a unit of gamma detector elements, wherein the unit of gamma detector elements comprise a sub-set of the plurality of gamma detector elements within the module.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the gamma detector elements further comprise an integrated circuit and wherein the plurality of electronic communication components comprises a plurality of field programmable gate arrays, a plurality of array aggregators, a system control board, and a system on a chip (SoC).

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The imaging device of claim 11, wherein each of the field programmable gate arrays communicate with one of the plurality of array aggregators.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The imaging device of claim 12, wherein each of the array aggregators comprises a field programmable gate array and communicates with the system control board and wherein the system control board communicates with the system on a chip (SoC).

### Claim 14

An imaging device, comprising:
the imaging device being in communication with calibration code, wherein the calibration code calibrates the imaging device based upon information of components of the imaging device;
a plurality of electronic communication components facilitating hierarchical communication from a plurality of gamma detector elements to a processor;
the plurality of electronic communication components comprising a plurality of integrated circuits, a plurality of field programmable gate arrays, a plurality of array aggregators, a system control board, and the processor;
wherein each gamma detector element comprises one of the plurality of integrated circuits and wherein the gamma detector elements are grouped into arrays;
wherein each of the integrated circuits of the arrays communicate with one of the plurality of field programmable gate arrays assigned to the corresponding array and wherein the arrays of gamma detector elements are grouped into units and wherein the units are grouped into drawers with each of the plurality of gamma detector elements having a predetermined spacing from each other gamma detector element, wherein the predetermined spacing is based upon a gap tolerance of the gamma detector element, wherein the predetermined spacing is maintained by the plurality of modular components upon replacement of one of the plurality of gamma detector elements, wherein each of the drawers is mounted on a slideable mechanism, wherein each of the drawers is parallel to a bottom plane of the imaging device;
wherein the field programmable gate arrays for a corresponding drawer communicate with one of the plurality of array aggregators assigned to the corresponding drawer;
wherein the plurality of array aggregators communicate with the system control board and wherein the system control board communicates with the processor, the processor facilitating communication with a remote system.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The imaging device of claim 14, wherein the calibration code calibrates the imaging device upon exchange of at least one of the components.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The imaging device of claim 14, wherein the calibration code is associated with energy calibration, uniformity calibration, and nonconforming pixel locations.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The imaging device of claim 14, wherein the calibration code provides an initial calibration based upon components of the imaging device.

### Claim 18 (depends on 14)

The imaging device of claim 14, further comprising an Ethernet communication connection and wherein communication packets sent to the remote system are packaged into data packets for communication through the Ethernet communication connection, wherein the data packets are packaged based upon constraints of the Ethernet communication connection.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The imaging device of claim 18, wherein packaging the data packets comprises collecting and packaging a plurality of data communications into a single data packet.

### Claim 20

A gamma imaging device, comprising:
a radiation-shielding enclosure comprising a casing and a lining comprising a lead alloy or tungsten alloy arranged within the casing to provide a complete radiation shield, wherein the enclosure comprises a top side, a bottom side, and four lateral sides, wherein one of the four lateral sides comprises a removable portion comprising a portion of the casing and a portion of the lining;
a plurality of modular components being in communication with calibration code, wherein the calibration code calibrates the imaging device based upon information of the plurality of modular components;
each of the plurality of modular components comprising a plurality of gamma detector elements comprising semiconductor crystals and integrated circuits and being removable from the imaging device;
the plurality of modular components being arranged such that the plurality of gamma detector elements are configured in an array configuration with each of the plurality of gamma detector elements having a predetermined spacing from each other gamma detector element, wherein the predetermined spacing is based upon a gap tolerance of the semiconductor crystals and wherein the predetermined spacing is maintained by the plurality of modular components upon replacement of one of the plurality of gamma detector elements;
a plurality of hierarchical electronic communication components facilitating communication from the plurality of gamma detector elements to a processor;
the plurality of electronic communication components comprising a plurality of integrated circuits, a plurality of field programmable gate arrays, a plurality of array aggregators, a system control board, and the processor;
wherein each gamma detector element comprises one of the plurality of integrated circuits and wherein the gamma detector elements are grouped into arrays comprising a plurality of gamma detector elements;
wherein each of the integrated circuits of the arrays communicate with one of the plurality of field programmable gate arrays assigned to the corresponding array and wherein the arrays of gamma detector elements are grouped into units comprising a plurality of arrays and wherein the units are grouped into drawers comprising a plurality of units, wherein the gamma imaging device comprises a plurality of drawers and wherein each of the plurality of drawers are mounted on a slideable mechanism, wherein each of the drawers is parallel to a bottom plane of the imaging device;
wherein the field programmable gate arrays for a corresponding drawer communicate with one of the plurality of array aggregators assigned to the corresponding drawer;
wherein the plurality of array aggregators comprise a plurality of field programmable gate arrays and communicates with the system control board and wherein the system control board comprises a field programmable gate array and communicates with the processor, the processor facilitating communication with a remote system; and
a cooling system.