# US 10,480,970 B2 · Electromagnetic flow sensor interface allowing differential dc coupling

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- Number: US 10,480,970 B2
- Document ID: US10480970B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/975,026
- Filed: 2015-12-18
- Published: 2017-06-01
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2015-11-30
- Assignees: Analog Devices Global
- Applicants: Analog Devices Global
- Inventors: Ke Li
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10480970B2

## CPC

- G01F 1/60: Circuits therefor
- G01F 1/584: {constructions of electrodes, accessories therefor}
- G01F 1/586: {constructions of coils, magnetic circuits, accessories therefor (G01F1/582 takes precedence; magnet; inductances; transformers; selection of materials for their magnetic properties per se H01F)}
- H01F 7/064: {Circuit arrangements for actuating electromagnets (circuit arrangements for obtaining special operating characteristics H01F7/18; driving circuits for electromagnets making use of a switching regulator H01H47/325)}
- H01F 27/2804: {Printed windings}
- H03F 3/04: with semiconductor devices only
- H03F 3/45076: {characterised by the way of implementation of the active amplifying circuit in the differential amplifier}
- H03M 1/12: Analogue/digital converters ({H03M1/001 – } H03M1/10 take precedence)
- H03M 1/66: Digital/analogue converters ({H03M1/001 – } H03M1/10 take precedence)
- H03F 2200/129: there being a feedback over the complete amplifier
- H03F 2200/261: Amplifier which being suitable for instrumentation applications
- H03F 2203/45116: Feedback coupled to the input of the differential amplifier
- G01F: MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- H01F: MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H03F: AMPLIFIERS
- H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C)

## Abstract

An interface circuit to an electromagnetic flow sensor is described. In an example, it can provide a DC coupled signal path from the electromagnetic flow sensor to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit. Examples with differential and pseudo-differential signal paths are described. Examples providing DC offset or low frequency noise compensation or cancellation are described. High input impedance examples are described. Coil excitation circuits are described, such as can provide on-chip inductive isolation between signal inputs and signal outputs. A switched mode power supply can be used to actively manage a bias voltage of an H-Bridge, such as to boost the current provided by the H-Bridge to the sensor coil during select time periods, such as during phase shift time periods of the coil, which can help reduce or minimize transient noise during such time periods.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus for processing an electromagnetic flow sensor signal; the apparatus comprising:
first and second inputs configured to be respectively coupled to first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes;
an amplifier circuit configured to:
apply a gain to a difference between the first and second inputs to amplify the difference based on a resistance coupled to the amplifier circuit; and
output the amplified difference; and
an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit configured to receive the amplified difference from the amplifier circuit and to convert the amplified difference into a digital signal; wherein a dc-coupled signal path is provided from the first and second inputs, through the amplifier, to the ADC.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dc-coupled signal path comprises a dc-coupled differential signal path.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dc-coupled signal path is provided without any AC coupling capacitors in the dc-coupled signal path.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the amplifier is a difference amplifier circuit, further comprising first and second amplifiers configured to be respectively coupled to the first and second inputs, the first and second amplifiers respectively arranged in a unity-gain voltage follower configuration, wherein the difference amplifier circuit is coupled to receive respective output signals from the first and second amplifiers and apply the gain by applying the gain to a difference between the output signals of the first and second amplifiers.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the amplifier circuit includes an integrated difference amplifier including, on the same integrated circuit:
first and second operational amplifiers; and
trimmed resistors, arranged to set respective gains of the operational amplifiers and to provide a dc-coupled differential signal path through the amplifier circuit.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the amplified difference comprises first and second amplified difference signals, wherein the ADC is configured to receive the first and second amplified difference signals, and wherein the amplifier circuit comprises:
a first operational amplifier configured to apply a first gain to a first difference between the first and second inputs to generate the first amplified difference signal; and
a second operational amplifier configured to apply a second gain to a second difference between the first and second inputs to generate the second amplified difference signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a DC offset compensating biasing circuit including:
a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit, including an input configured to receive information indicating a DC offset component of the digital signal, and to produce an analog offset feedback signal responsive thereto; and
a biasing circuit, configured to couple the analog offset feedback signal to a bias voltage input of the amplifier circuit in a feedback arrangement that reduces or otherwise compensates for the DC offset component of the digital signal, wherein the bias voltage input of the amplifier circuit affects amplification of the difference.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
an H-Bridge control circuit configured to deliver control signals to respective inputs of a plurality of transistors of an H-Bridge to control delivery of specified current to an excitation coil, the H-Bridge control circuit including:
a first integrated isolation circuit including an inductive transformer to electrically isolate and inductively couple a received input signal to the H-Bridge for controlling at least one of the plurality of transistors of the H-Bridge,
a switched mode power supply configured to provide a reference voltage to generate the specified current delivered to the excitation coil by the H-Bridge; and
a current control circuit, coupled to the switched mode power supply to adjust the reference voltage during a specified portion of a switching cycle of the H-Bridge to compensate for inductance emf of the excitation coil.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the current control circuit increases the reference voltage during the specified portion, and wherein the current control circuit includes:
a reference voltage generator circuit, providing a stable reference voltage that is modulated by a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) signal to produce a PWM reference signal.

### Claim 10

A method of processing an electromagnetic flow sensor signal, the method comprising
receiving first and second input signals from respective first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes;
amplifying a difference between the first and second input signals using an amplifier circuit by applying a gain to the difference based on a resistance coupled to the amplifier circuit; and
converting, using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the amplified difference into a digital signal, and wherein the receiving, amplifying, and converting include providing a dc-coupled signal path through the amplifier circuit to the ADC.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the dc-coupled signal path comprises a dc-coupled differential signal path.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 further comprising buffering the first and second input signals respectively using first and second amplifiers respectively arranged in a unity-gain voltage follower configuration, to provide respective first and second buffered input signals, wherein the amplifier circuit is configured to amplify the difference by amplifying a difference between the first and second buffered input signals.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, further comprising attenuating radio frequency interference (RFI) at a signal path location between amplifying the difference and converting to the digital signal.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein amplifying the difference comprises:
applying, with a first operational amplifier, a first gain to a first difference between the first and second inputs to generate a first amplified difference signal; and
applying, with a second operational amplifier, a second gain to a second difference between the first and second inputs to generate a second amplified difference signal, wherein the ADC converts the first and second amplified difference signals.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 further comprising compensating a DC offset at the first and second electrodes, including:
extracting a DC offset component of the digital signal; and
biasing a reference voltage provided to the amplifier circuit using information about the DC offset component of the digital signal, wherein the reference voltage provided to the amplifier circuit affects amplification of the difference.

### Claim 16

An apparatus for processing an electromagnetic flow sensor signal; the apparatus comprising:
means for receiving first and second input signals from respective first and second electromagnetic flow sensor electrodes;
means for amplifying a difference between the first and second input signals using an amplifier circuit by applying a gain to the difference based on a resistance coupled to the amplifier circuit; and
means for converting, using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the amplified difference into a digital signal, and wherein the means for receiving, means for amplifying, and means for converting include means for providing a dc-coupled signal path through the amplifier circuit to the ADC.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the dc-coupled signal path comprises a dc-coupled differential signal path.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising means for buffering the first and second input signals respectively using first and second amplifiers respectively arranged in a unity-gain voltage follower configuration, to provide respective first and second buffered input signals, wherein the amplifier circuit is configured to amplify the difference by amplifying a difference between the first and second buffered input signals.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the means for amplifying the difference comprises:
means for applying with a first operational amplifier, a first gain to a first difference between the first and second inputs to generate a first amplified difference signal; and
means for applying, with a second operational amplifier, a second gain to a second difference between the first and second inputs to generate a second amplified difference signal, wherein the ADC converts the first and second amplified difference signals.

### Claim 20 (depends on 16)

The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising means for compensating a DC offset at the first and second electrodes, including:
means for extracting a DC offset component of the digital signal; and
means for biasing a reference voltage provided to the amplifier circuit using information about the DC offset component of the digital signal, wherein the reference voltage provided to the amplifier circuit affects amplification of the difference.