# US 10,480,733 B2 · Flame simulating light-emitting devices and related methods > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,480,733 B2 - Document ID: US10480733B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/515,590 - Filed: 2015-09-30 - Published: 2018-12-06 - Granted: 2019-11-19 - Earliest claimed: 2014-10-01 - Assignees: Signify Holding B.V. - Applicants: Signify Holding B.V. - Inventors: Johannes Petrus Maria Ansems; Martinus Theodorus Bennebroek; Abraham Vamattathil Scaria; Ramon Antoine Wiro Clout; Dragan Sekulovski; Tim Dekker - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10480733B2 ## CPC - F21S 10/043: {by selectively switching fixed light sources} - F21K 9/61: using light guides - H05B 45/00: Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] - H05B 45/10: Controlling the intensity of the light - H05B 47/105: in response to determined parameters - F21S 6/001: {candle-shaped} - F21S 10/005: {using light guides (light guides specially adapted for lighting devices G02B6/0001)} - F21S 10/02: changing colors {(F21S10/002 - F21S10/007, F21S10/04 take precedence)} - F21S 10/04: simulating flames - F21Y 2115/10: Light-emitting diodes [LED] - Y02B 20/40: Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection - F21S: NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS - F21K: NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL - F21Y: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS ## Abstract Lighting systems, devices, methods and apparatus for simulating a candle flame are disclosed. The systems and methods employ spatially distributed, disjointed sets of light-emitting elements that are independently controlled with randomized control signals to simulate a candle flame by forming spatially and temporally varying lighting effects. Further, the disjointed sets are controlled such that the total light intensity is essentially maintained. In addition, systems and methods employ a transition probability model to adjust intensities of light-emitting elements in a way that accurately mimics a candle flame. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A light-emitting system for simulating a flame comprising: a plurality of disjointed sets of light-emitting elements, a controller configured to dynamically generate a plurality of control signals, wherein the light-emitting elements of a given set of the disjointed sets of light-emitting elements are configured to adjust corresponding intensities of emitted light in accordance with a respective control signal of the plurality of control signals, and wherein at least one parameter of the respective control signal is an independent variable with respect to the at least one parameter of another control signal with which the light-emitting elements of another set of the disjointed sets adjust respective emitted light intensities, wherein the light-emitting elements within the given set adjust the corresponding intensities of the emitted light in accordance with a plurality of light-emission signals that are based on the respective control signal such that the at least one parameter of each light-emission signal of the plurality of light-emission signals is a dependent variable with respect to the at least one parameter of each other light-emission signal of the plurality of light-emission signals. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The light-emitting system of claim 1, wherein the corresponding intensity of each of said light-emitting elements of said given set is adjusted with a phase of said respective control signal that is different from a phase of the respective control signal with which the corresponding intensity of at least one other light-emitting element of said given set is adjusted, and wherein each of said phases is configured such that a total intensity of light emitted by the given set is essentially constant. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The light-emitting system of claim 1, wherein the controller configured to dynamically generate each of said control signals by adjusting the at least one parameter of a base signal, wherein a randomized process is employed to determine a sequence of values of said at least one parameter. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The light-emitting system of claim 3, wherein the controller further comprises a sensor configured to obtain a measure of at least one environmental state, wherein the controller is configured to dynamically generate each of said control signals by further adjusting the at least one parameter of the base signal in accordance with the measure of the at least one environmental state. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The light-emitting system of claim 1, wherein the light-emitting elements of the disjointed sets are spatially distributed such that at least one light-emitting element from each of the disjointed sets other than the given set is disposed between at least two light-emitting elements of said given set. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The light-emitting system of claim 1, further comprising: a light-guide structure including a plurality of light-guides, wherein each of said light-guides out-couples light from a different one of said disjointed sets of light-emitting elements. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The light-emitting system of claim 6, wherein said plurality of light-guides are nested in said light-guide structure. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The light-emitting system of claim 7, wherein each set of said disjointed sets emits light with a color that is different from a color of light emitted by any other set of the disjointed sets. ### Claim 9 A method for simulating a flame with a light-emitting system comprising: generating a plurality of control signals respectively to a plurality of disjointed sets of light-emitting elements; and adjusting, in each set of the plurality of disjointed sets, intensities of the light-emitting elements of the set in accordance with a respective control signal of the plurality of control signals, wherein at least one parameter of the respective control signal for any of said sets is an independent variable with respect to the at least one parameter of the respective control signal for any other set of the disjointed sets, wherein the adjusting further comprises applying, in each corresponding set of the plurality of disjointed sets, a plurality of phases of the respective control signal to the light-emitting elements of the corresponding set such that the phase applied to any light-emitting element of the set is different from the phase applied to any other light-emitting element of the corresponding set. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising: generating, for each of the light-emitting elements in each corresponding set of the plurality of disjointed sets, a respective light-emission signal that is based on the respective control signal for the corresponding set such that the at least one parameter of each light-emission signal for the corresponding set is a dependent variable with respect to the at least one parameter of each other light-emission signal for the corresponding set, wherein the adjusting further comprises adjusting the intensity of each respective light-emitting element of the corresponding set in accordance with the light-emission signal for the respective light-emitting element. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the applying is performed such that a total intensity of light emitted by the corresponding set is essentially constant. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one parameter is at least one of a period, an amplitude, and a direct current offset. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the generating further comprises, for each control signal of the plurality of control signals, modulating the at least one parameter of a base signal and wherein the generating further comprises, for each control signal of the plurality of control signals, determining a sequence of values of said at least one parameter by determining a sequence of states in accordance with a randomized process. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the generating further comprises sensing a measure of at least one environmental state and, for each control signal of the plurality of control signals, further adjusting the at least one parameter of the base signal in accordance with the measure of the at least one environmental state, wherein the sensing comprises sensing at least one of airflow, temperature and motion. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the further adjusting comprises adjusting filter parameters of a low-pass filter with which said sequence of values is filtered in accordance with the measure. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the randomized process is a Markov process and wherein the further adjusting comprises adjusting at least one probability of a state transition probability matrix employed in the Markov process. ### Claim 17 A light-emitting system for simulating a flame comprising: at least one light-emitting element, wherein the at least one light-emitting element is configured to adjust a corresponding intensity of emitted light in accordance with a control signal; and a controller configured to generate said control signal by adjusting at least one parameter of a base signal and to perform said adjusting by applying a transition probability model in which a first probability that the at least one light-emitting element remains in a state of a first set of states is different from a second probability that the at least one light-emitting element remains in a state of a second set of states, wherein a first value of said at least one parameter of said first set of states is different from a second value of said at least one parameter of said second set of states. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17, wherein said first probability is greater than said second probability, wherein said at least one parameter includes a period of said base signal, and wherein the second value is less than the first value. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The system of claim 18, wherein said controller is configured to perform said adjusting in accordance with a Markov process and wherein said transition probability model is a transition probability matrix.