# US 10,480,042 B2 · Edge formability in metallic alloys

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- Number: US 10,480,042 B2
- Document ID: US10480042B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/094,554
- Filed: 2016-04-08
- Published: 2016-10-20
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2015-04-10
- Assignees: The NanoSteel Company, Inc.
- Applicants: The NanoSteel Company, Inc.
- Inventors: Daniel James Branagan; Andrew E. Frerichs; Brian E. Meacham; Grant G. Justice; Andrew T. Ball; Jason K. Walleser; Kurtis Clark; Logan J. Tew; Scott T. Anderson; Scott Larish; Sheng Cheng; Taylor L. Giddens; Alla V. Sergueeva
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10480042B2

## CPC

- C21D 8/0263: {following hot rolling}
- C21D 8/02: during manufacturing of plates or strips (C21D8/12 takes precedence)
- C21D 8/021: involving particular fabrication steps or treatments of ingots or slabs
- C21D 8/0226: {Hot rolling}
- C21D 8/0236: {Cold rolling}
- C21D 9/0081: {for slabs; for billets}
- C22C 38/002: {containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60}
- C22C 38/02: containing silicon
- C22C 38/04: containing manganese
- C22C 38/08: containing nickel {(C22C38/105 takes precedence)}
- C22C 38/16: containing copper
- C22C 38/20: with copper
- C22C 38/32: with boron
- C22C 38/38: with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
- C22C 38/42: with copper
- C22C 38/54: with boron
- C22C 38/58: with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
- B21D 28/00: Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- C21D: MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING (surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by this subclass C23F17/00; unidirectional solidification of eutectic materials or unidirectional demixing of eutectoid materials C30B)
- C22C: ALLOYS (treatment of alloys C21D, C22F)
- B21D: WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL (working or processing of wire B21F)

## Abstract

This disclosure is directed at methods for mechanical property improvement in a metallic alloy that has undergone one or more mechanical property losses as a consequence of shearing, such as in the formation of a sheared edge portion or a punched hole. Methods are disclosed that provide the ability to improve mechanical properties of metallic alloys that have been formed with one or more sheared edges which may otherwise serve as a limiting factor for industrial applications.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for improving one or more mechanical properties in a metallic alloy that has undergone a mechanical property loss as a consequence of the formation of one or more sheared edges comprising:
a. supplying a metal alloy comprising at least 50 atomic % iron and at least four elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu or C and melting said alloy and cooling at a rate of ≤250 K/s or solidifying to a thickness of ≥2.0 mm up to 500 mm and forming an alloy having a Tm and matrix grains of 2 μm to 10,000 μm;
b. heating said alloy to a temperature in a range of 700° C. to below said Tm and at a strain rate of 10−6 to 104 and reducing said thickness of said alloy and providing a first resulting alloy having a tensile strength of 921 MPa to 1413 MPa and an elongation of 12.0% to 77.7%;
c. stressing said first resulting alloy and providing a second resulting alloy having a tensile strength of 1356 MPa to 1831 MPa and an elongation of 1.6% to 32.8%;
d. heating said second resulting alloy to a temperature below said Tm and forming a third resulting alloy having matrix grains of 0.5 μm to 50 μm and having an elongation (E1);
e. shearing said third resulting alloy and forming one or more sheared edges wherein said third resulting alloy's elongation is reduced to a value of E2, wherein E2=(0.57 to 0.05) (E1);
f. reheating said third resulting alloy with said one or more sheared edges wherein said third resulting alloy's reduced elongation observed in step (e) is restored to a level having an elongation E3=(0.48 to 1.21)(E1).

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein said alloy comprises Fe and at least five elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Bi, Cu or C.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein said alloy comprises Fe and at least six elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu or C.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein said alloy comprises Fe, Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu and C.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein said shearing occurs during punching, piercing, perforating, cutting, cropping, or stamping.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein said heating in step (d) is at a temperature in a range of 400° C. to below said Tm.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein said heating in step (d) results in a yield stress from 197 to 1372 MPa of said third resulting alloy.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein said shearing of said third resulting alloy and forming one or more sheared edges occurs by punching at a punch speed of greater than 28 mm/second wherein said punching provides reheating step (f) and increases in elongation greater than 10% over elongation punched at speeds less than or equal to 28 mm/s.

### Claim 9

A method for improving the hole expansion ratio in a metallic alloy that had undergone a hole expansion ratio loss as a consequence of forming a hole wherein with a sheared edge comprising:
a. supplying a metal alloy comprising at least 50 atomic % iron and at least four elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu or C and melting said alloy and cooling at a rate of ≤250 K/s or solidifying to a thickness of ≥2.0 mm up to 500 mm and forming an alloy having a Tm and matrix grains of 2 μm to 10,000 μm;
b. heating said alloy to a temperature in a range of 700° C. to below said Tm and at a strain rate of 10−6 to 104 and reducing said thickness of said alloy and providing a first resulting alloy having a tensile strength of 921 MPa to 1413 MPa and an elongation of 12.0% to 77.7%;
c. stressing said first resulting alloy and providing a second resulting alloy having a tensile strength of 1356 MPa to 1831 MPa and an elongation of 1.6% to 32.8%;
d. heating said second resulting alloy to a temperature of in a range of at least 400° C. and below said Tm and forming a third resulting alloy having matrix grains of 0.5 μm to 50 μm and forming a hole therein with shearing wherein said hole has a sheared edge and has a first hole expansion ratio (HER1);
e. heating said third resulting alloy with said hole and associated HER1 wherein said third resulting alloy indicates a second hole expansion ratio (HER2) wherein HER2≥HER1.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein said alloys comprise Fe and at least five elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu or C.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein said alloy comprise Fe and at least six elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu or C.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein said alloy comprises Fe, Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu and C.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein said shearing and forming an exposed edge occurs during punching, piercing, perforating, cutting, cropping, or stamping.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein said heating in step (d) is at a temperature in a range of 650° C. to below said Tm.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein said heating in step (d) results in a yield stress from 197 to 1372 MPa of said third resulting alloy.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein said shearing of said third resulting alloy and forming a hole occurs by punching at a punch speed of greater than or equal to 10 mm/second which punching causes said heating step (e).

### Claim 17

A method for improving the hole expansion ratio in a metallic alloy that had undergone a hole expansion ratio loss as a consequence of forming a hole with a sheared edge comprising:
a. supplying a metal alloy comprising at least 50 atomic % iron and at least four elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu or C and melting said alloy and cooling at a rate of ≤250 K/s or solidifying to a thickness of ≥2.0 mm up to 500 mm and forming an alloy having a Tm and matrix grains of 2 μm to 10,000 μm;
b. heating said alloy to a temperature in a range of 700° C. to below said Tm and at a strain rate of 10−6 to 104 and reducing said thickness of said alloy and providing a first resulting alloy having a tensile strength of 921 MPa to 1413 MPa and an elongation of 12.0% to 77.7%;
c. stressing said first resulting alloy and providing a second resulting alloy having a tensile strength of 1356 MPa to 1831 MPa and an elongation of 1.6% to 32.8%;
d. heating said second resulting alloy to a temperature below said Tm and forming a third resulting alloy having matrix grains of 0.5 μm to 50 μm wherein said third resulting alloy has a first hole expansion ratio (HER1) of 30 to 130% for a hole formed therein without shearing;
e. forming a hole in said third resulting alloy, wherein said hole is formed with shearing and has a second hole expansion ratio (HER2) wherein HER2=(0.01 to 0.30)(HER1);
f. heating said third resulting alloy wherein the HER2 recovers to a value HER3, and HER3=(0.60 to 1.0) HER1.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said alloy comprises Fe and at least five elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu or C.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said alloy comprises Fe and at least six elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu or C.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said alloy comprises Fe, Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu and C.

### Claim 21 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said shearing and forming an exposed edge occurs during punching, piercing, perforating, cutting, cropping, or stamping.

### Claim 22 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said heating in step (d) is at a temperature in a range of 400° C. to below said Tm.

### Claim 23 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said shearing and forming a hole occurs by punching at a punch speed of greater than or equal to 10 mm/second which punching causes said heating step (f) and increases in Hole Expansion Ratio greater than 10 over HER2 punched at speeds<10 mm/s.

### Claim 24

A method for punching one or more holes in a metallic alloy comprising:
a. supplying a metal alloy comprising at least 50 atomic % iron and at least four elements selected from Si, Mn, B, Cr, Ni, Cu or C and melting said alloy and cooling at a rate of ≤250 K/s or solidifying to a thickness of ≥2.0 mm up to 500 mm and forming an alloy having a Tm and matrix grains of 2 μm to 10,000 μm;
b. heating said alloy to a temperature in a range of 700° C. to below said Tm and at a strain rate of 10−6 to 104 and reducing said thickness of said alloy and providing a first resulting alloy having a tensile strength of 921 MPa to 1413 MPa and an elongation of 12.0% to 77.7%;
c. stressing said first resulting alloy and providing a second resulting alloy having a tensile strength of 1356 MPa to 1831 MPa and an elongation of 1.6% to 32.8%;
d. heating said second resulting alloy to a temperature in a range of at least 400° C. to below said Tm and forming a third resulting alloy having matrix grains of 0.5 μm to 50 μm and having an elongation (E1);
e. punching a hole in said third resulting alloy at a punch speed of greater than or equal to 10 mm/second wherein said hole has a hole expansion ratio of greater than or equal to 10%.