# US 10,479,928 B2 · Water treatment schemes for injection water flooding recovery processes in carbonate reservoirs > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,479,928 B2 - Document ID: US10479928B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/673,029 - Filed: 2017-08-09 - Published: 2018-05-31 - Granted: 2019-11-19 - Earliest claimed: 2016-11-30 - Assignees: Saudi Arabian Oil Company - Applicants: Saudi Arabian Oil Company - Inventors: Subhash Chandrabose Ayirala; Ali Abdallah Al-Yousef - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10479928B2 ## CPC - C09K 8/594: Compositions used in combination with injected gas {, e.g. CO2 orcarbonated gas}(C09K8/592 takes precedence) - C02F 1/041: {by means of vapour compression} - C02F 1/08: Thin film evaporation - C02F 1/441: {by reverse osmosis} - C02F 1/442: {by nanofiltration} - C02F 9/00: Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage - C09K 8/58: Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids - E21B 43/20: Displacing by water - E21B 43/24: using heat, e.g. steam injection - C02F 1/72: by oxidation {(C02F1/4672 takes precedence)} - C02F 2103/08: Seawater, e.g. for desalination - C02F 2103/10: from quarries or from mining activities - C02F 2209/05: Conductivity or salinity - C02F 2301/043: Treatment of partial or bypass streams - E21B 43/40: Separation associated with re-injection of separated materials {(E21B43/385 takes precedence)} - E21B 49/0875: {determining specific fluid parameters} - Y02A 20/131: Reverse-osmosis - C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE - C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes) - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS - Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ## Abstract Disclosed are water treatment apparatus and processes for the generation of injection water from seawater and produced water. The first water treatment apparatus includes a reverse osmosis (RO) unit that treats the seawater, a pretreatment unit that pretreats the produced water, and a carrier gas extraction (CGE) unit or dynamic vapor recompression (DyVaR) that treats the pretreated produced water and generates fresh water. The fresh water and the RO permeate are mixed with a portion of the seawater to generate the injection water. A second water treatment apparatus includes a reverse osmosis (RO) unit and a nanofiltration (NF) that treats the seawater in parallel, a pretreatment unit that pretreats the produced water, and a CGE unit or DyVaR unit that treats the pretreated produced water and generates fresh water. The fresh water and the RO permeate are mixed with the NF reject to generate injection water. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A water treatment apparatus for generating injection water from seawater and produced water, comprising: a reverse osmosis (RO) unit operable to receive seawater and produce an RO permeate and an RO reject; a pretreatment unit operable to receive produced water and output the pretreated produced water; a carrier gas extraction (CGE) unit or a dynamic vapor recompression (DyVaR) unit operable to receive the pretreated produced water and the RO reject and produce fresh water, the dynamic vapor compression (DyVaR) unit comprising a cyclone in an evaporation stage; and a mixer operable to mix the fresh water with the RO permeate and a portion of the seawater to generate injection water, such that the injection water comprises a salinity in the range of 5,000 parts-per-million (ppm) TDS to 6,000 ppm TDS. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The water treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the RO permeate has a salinity of less than 500 ppm TDS. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The water treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) apparatus. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The water treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the produced water comprises a salinity of at least 50,000 ppm TDS. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The water treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the volumetric ratio of the portion of seawater to a combination of the fresh water and the RO permeate is in the range of 10:90 to 20:80. ### Claim 6 An water treatment apparatus for generating injection water from seawater and produced water, comprising: a reverse osmosis (RO) unit operable to receive a first portion of seawater and produce an RO permeate and an RO reject; a nanofiltration (NF) unit operable to receive a second portion of seawater and produce an NF permeate and an NF reject; a pretreatment unit operable to receive produced water and produce the pretreated produced water; a carrier gas extraction (CGE) unit or a dynamic vapor recompression (DyVaR) unit operable to receive pretreated produced water and the RO reject and produce fresh water, the dynamic vapor compression (DyVaR) unit comprising a cyclone in an evaporation stage; a mixer operable to mix the fresh water with the RO permeate and the NF reject to generate injection water, such that the injection water comprises a salinity in the range of 5,000 parts-per-million (ppm) TDS to 6,000 ppm TDS. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The water treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the NF permeate is recycled to mix with the seawater. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The water treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the RO permeate has a salinity of less than 500 ppm TDS. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The water treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the NF reject has a salinity of at least 50,000 ppm TDS. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The water treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the NF permeate has a salinity of less than 40,000 ppm TDS. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The water treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the apparatus comprises a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) apparatus. ### Claim 12 (depends on 6) The water treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the produced water comprises a salinity of at least 50,000 ppm TDS. ### Claim 13 (depends on 6) The water treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the NF unit comprises a membrane having a pore size in the range of 0.05 microns to 0.005 microns. ### Claim 14 (depends on 6) The water treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the volumetric ratio of the NF reject to a combination of the fresh water and the RO permeate is in the range of 5:95 to 15:75.