# US 10,478,999 B2 · Thermal curing of cell-based structural arrays

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- Number: US 10,478,999 B2
- Document ID: US10478999B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/006,111
- Filed: 2016-01-25
- Published: 2016-05-19
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2013-05-16
- Assignees: The Boeing Company
- Applicants: The Boeing Company
- Inventors: Joseph Lawrence Hafenrichter; Joseph A. Marshall, IV
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10478999B2

## CPC

- B29C 35/0266: {Local curing (for repairing B29C73/34)}
- B29C 35/02: Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing {during moulding, e.g. in a mould}(cold vulcanisation B29C35/18 {; vulcanising tyres, presses therefor B29D30/0601})
- B29D 24/005: {the structure having joined ribs, e.g. honeycomb}
- B32B 37/06: characterised by the heating method
- H01Q 1/286: {substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft}
- H01Q 21/0087: {Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays (manufacturing waveguides H01P11/00)}
- B29C 2035/046: {dried air}
- B29L 2031/60: Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- Y10T 156/10: Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)
- B29D: PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE (making granules B29B9/00; making preforms B29B11/00)
- B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)
- B29L: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

## Abstract

Cells of a composite cell array are cured by placing tool blocks in the cells and inserting thermally conductive elements in each of the tool blocks. The thermally conductive elements are convectively heated by a flow of hot air. The heated conductive elements conduct heat to the tooling blocks, which then conduct heat to the cells to cure the composite and adhesive.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus configured to simultaneously thermally cure a plurality of adhesive fillets that join walls and a composite facesheet together to form an array that comprises a number of cells, such that the apparatus comprises:
a bank that comprises a number of tool blocks equal to the number of cells, each tool block in the number of tool blocks configured to be inserted into a single cell in the array, respectively, such that each tool block, respectively, comprises a shape that contacts each wall of the single cell and comprises a plurality of chamfered corners, with each chamfered corner, of the plurality of chamfered corners, respectively configured to:
remain separate from contact with an interior corner of the single cell;
form a gap between the each tool block and interior corner;
contact an uncured fillet, of the plurality of adhesive fillets, that fills the gap;
simultaneously deliver a same amount of heat to the uncured fillet as an amount of heat delivered to each uncured fillet in every interior corner of every cell in the array; and
simultaneously cure each uncured fillet in every interior corner of every cell in the array; and
a thermally conductive element, which extends substantially through each tool block, and such that thermally conductive element comprises an exposed portion that extends outside of the each tool block, the thermally conductive element configured to: convectively receive heat from a flow of warm air over the exposed portion, and conductively uniformly heat each exterior surface of each tool block in contact with, respectively, each uncured fillet in the single cell.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive element has a thermal conductivity greater than a thermal conductivity of the tool block.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive element has a thermal conductivity less than a thermal conductivity of the tool block.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the uncured fillet comprises a resin bonding adhesive, and the thermally conductive element comprises metal and carbon.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the tool block comprises a substantially polygonal cross-sectional shape; and
the thermally conductive element comprises a substantially circular cross-sectional shape.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive element comprises at least one of: steel, iron, aluminum, carbon and copper.

### Claim 7

An apparatus configured to rework and thermally cure a composite structure that comprises an array of cells formed by composite cell walls joined together by an adhesive, such that the apparatus comprises:
a bank of tools, such that each of the tools comprises, respectively: a thermally conductive material;
a tool block configured to be received into one of the cells such that the tool block comprises a shape that contacts each wall of the one of the cells and comprises a plurality of chamfered corners, with each chamfered corner, of the number of chamfered corners, respectively configured to:
remain separate from contact with an interior corner of the one of the cells; form
a gap between the tool block and the interior corner;
contact an uncured fillet that fills the gap;
deliver a same amount of heat to the uncured fillet as an amount of heat delivered to each uncured fillet in every interior corner of every cell in the array; and
simultaneously conduct a heat, uniformly to each uncured fillet in every interior corner, that cures the adhesive; and
a thermally conductive element configured to pass substantially through the tool block such that an exterior of the thermally conductive element directly contacts an interior of the tool block, and such that the thermally conductive element comprises an exposed portion configured to extend beyond the tool block and receive hot air flow that convectively heats the exposed portion, and conductively evenly heats each exterior surface of the tool block in contact with, respectively, each uncured fillet in one of the cells.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the thermally conductive element has a thermal conductivity greater than a thermal conductivity of the tool block.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the thermally conductive element has a thermal conductivity less than a thermal conductivity of the tool block.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the thermally conductive element is formed of at least one of steel, iron, aluminum, carbon and copper.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the tool block has a depth at least as great as a depth of the cell into which it is received; and
the thermally conductive element is in surface-to-surface contact with the tool block substantially an entire depth of the tool block.

### Claim 12 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
a manifold for directing a flow of hot air across the exposed portion of the thermally conductive element.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the manifold includes:
an enclosure capable of enclosing the array; and
at least one fan for flowing hot air through the enclosure.

### Claim 14

A process for simultaneously curing adhesive fillets bonding an array of cells, the process comprising;
aligning walls to form an array of cells, such that each cell in the array of cells comprises a number of interior corners;
inserting a bank comprising a number of tool blocks into the array of cells, each tool block in the number of tool blocks, comprising respectively, an exterior surface configured to contact each interior surface of each cell and a plurality of chamfered corners, such that each chamfered corner in the plurality of chamfered corners, respectively, leaves a gap between the exterior surface of the tool block and an interior corner of the number of interior corners;
filling the gap with an adhesive fillet, of the adhesive fillets, that contacts each chamfered corner;
contacting, respectively, an interior surface of each tool block with a thermally conductive element comprising a portion extending out of the interior of the tool block;
flowing a heated fluid across the portion of the thermally conductive element; and
simultaneously, at every cell in the array, evenly heating and curing every adhesive fillet in the array of cells via evenly heating the exterior surface of each tool block, respectively, contacting the adhesive fillet, via conductively heating an interior surface of each tool block via convectively heating the portion via the heated fluid flowing across the portion.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The process of claim 14, further comprising the heated fluid consisting of air.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The process of claim 14, further comprising the adhesive fillet comprising a resin bonding adhesive.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The process of claim 16, further comprising the exterior surface of the tool block comprising a shape for evenly heating and curing each wall in the walls forming the array of cells.

### Claim 18 (depends on 14)

The process of claim 14, further comprising the thermally conductive element comprising a circular cross-sectional shape.

### Claim 19 (depends on 14)

The process of claim 14, further comprising:
each tool block comprising, respectively, a depth at least as great as a depth of the cell; and
the thermally conductive element contacting the interior surface of each tool block for substantially an entire depth of each tool block.