# US 10,478,252 B2 · Method and system for patient-specific modeling of blood flow

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- Number: US 10,478,252 B2
- Document ID: US10478252B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/541,642
- Filed: 2014-11-14
- Published: 2015-03-12
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2010-08-12
- Assignees: HeartFlow, Inc.
- Applicants: HeartFlow, Inc.
- Inventors: Charles A. Taylor; Gilwoo Choi
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10478252B2

## CPC

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- A61B 5/02028: {Determining haemodynamic parameters not otherwise provided for, e.g. cardiac contractility or left ventricular ejection fraction}
- A61B 5/021: Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
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- A61B 5/026: Measuring blood flow {(A61B3/1233, A61B3/1241 take precedence)}
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- A61B 2090/374: {NMR or MRI}
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- A61B 2090/3764: {with a rotating C-arm having a cone beam emitting source}
- A61B 2576/00: Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis (A61B1/00009, A61B6/52 and A61B8/52 take precedence)
- A61B 2576/023: for the heart
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- G06T 2207/30104: Vascular flow; Blood flow; Perfusion
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- Y02A 90/10: Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- A61M: DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY (introducing media into or onto the bodies of animals A61D7/00; means for inserting tampons A61F13/26; devices for administering food or medicines orally A61J; containers for collecting, storing or administering blood or medical fluids A61J1/05); DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY (surgery A61B; chemical aspects of surgical articles A61L); DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR {(Electrotherapy, e.g. producing anaesthesia by the use of alternating or intermittent currents A61N1/36021)}
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- G06G: ANALOGUE COMPUTERS (analogue optical computing devices G06E3/00)
- G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06V: IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G16B: BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

## Abstract

Embodiments include a system for determining cardiovascular information for a patient. The system may include at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of the patient's heart, and create a three-dimensional model representing at least a portion of the patient's heart based on the patient-specific data. The at least one computer system may be further configured to create a physics-based model relating to a blood flow characteristic of the patient's heart and determine a fractional flow reserve within the patient's heart based on the three-dimensional model and the physics-based model.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A computer-implemented method for enabling the assessment of one or more blood vessels of a patient, based on calculated values of a blood flow characteristic, the method comprising:
receiving patient-specific imaging data of a geometry of a plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form a vessel tree of the patient;
determining, using a processor, a three-dimensional geometrical model of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree of the patient, based on the received patient-specific imaging data, the three-dimensional geometrical model comprising a model, in three dimensions, of a geometry of the plurality of blood vessels;
determining, using the processor, a patient-specific model of blood flow through the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree of the patient, based on the received patient-specific imaging data, the patient-specific model of blood flow comprising a model of the flow of blood through the plurality of blood vessels;
determining a first value of the blood flow characteristic within the plurality of blood vessels of the patient based on the three-dimensional geometrical model or the patient-specific model of blood flow through the plurality of blood vessels of the patient;
upon receiving a selection, from a user input received from a user or health care provider, of a blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree, enabling a modification of one or both of the patient-specific model of blood flow and a geometry of the three-dimensional geometrical model to simulate an occlusion that prevents blood flow through the blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree;
modifying the patient-specific model of blood flow to prevent blood flow through the blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels to simulate occlusion of the blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree;
predicting a change in blood flow, based on the occlusion, in vessels of the vessel tree different from the blood vessel having the occlusion, based on the modified patient-specific model of blood flow and/or the modified three-dimensional geometrical model;
determining a second value of the blood flow characteristic within the plurality of blood vessels of the patient based on the modified three-dimensional geometrical model reflecting the occlusion, and/or the modified patient-specific model of blood flow reflecting the occlusion;
predicting an effect on the patient of the occlusion based on the second value of the blood flow characteristic; and
outputting one or more of the first or second values of the blood flow characteristic, the modified three-dimensional geometrical model, the modified patient-specific model of blood flow, or the predicted effects, to an electronic storage medium or display.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the blood flow characteristic includes at least one of blood pressure, blood velocity, blood flow rate, or fractional flow reserve within the plurality of blood vessels of the patient.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the patient-specific model of blood flow comprises a reduced-order model defined by a plurality of resistance values defining blood flow through the plurality of blood vessels.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the reduced-order model is a lumped parameter model.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein modifying the patient-specific model of blood flow to reflect the occlusion of the blood vessel includes modifying a resistance value of the reduced-order model.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of blood vessels include one or more arteries in the patient's heart, neck, head, thorax, abdomen, arms, or legs.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
modeling an interventional or surgical repair, wherein modeling the interventional or surgical repair includes modifying the three-dimensional geometrical model and/or the patient-specific model of blood flow based on positioning of a stent at a location at or near the occlusion.

### Claim 8

A system for enabling the assessment of one or more blood vessels of patient, based on calculated values of a blood flow characteristic, the system comprising at least:
a processor configured for:
receiving patient-specific imaging data of a geometry of a plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form a vessel tree of the patient;
determining, using a processor, a three-dimensional geometrical model of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree of the patient, based on the received patient-specific imaging data, the three-dimensional geometrical model comprising a model, in three dimensions, of a geometry of the plurality of blood vessels;
determining, using the processor, a patient-specific model of blood flow through the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree of the patient, based on the received patient-specific imaging data, the patient-specific model of blood flow comprising a model of the flow of blood through the plurality of blood vessels;
determining a first value of the blood flow characteristic within the plurality of blood vessels of the patient based on the three-dimensional geometrical model or the patient-specific model of blood flow through the plurality of blood vessels of the patient;
upon receiving a selection, from a user input received from a user or health care provider, of a blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree, enabling a modification of one or both of the patient-specific model of blood flow and a geometry of the three-dimensional geometrical model to simulate an occlusion that prevents blood flow through the blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree;
modifying the patient-specific model of blood flow to prevent blood flow through the blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels to simulate the occlusion of the blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree;
predicting a change in blood flow, based on the occlusion, in vessels of the vessel tree different from the blood vessel having the occlusion, based on the modified patient-specific model of blood flow and/or the modified three-dimensional geometrical model;
determining a second value of the blood flow characteristic within the plurality of blood vessels of the patient based on the modified three-dimensional geometrical model reflecting the occlusion, and/or the modified patient-specific model of blood flow reflecting the occlusion;
predicting an effect on the patient of the occlusion based on the second value of the blood flow characteristic; and
outputting one or more of the first or second values of the blood flow characteristic, the modified three-dimensional geometrical model, the modified patient-specific model of blood flow, or the predicted effects, to an electronic storage medium or display.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the blood flow characteristic includes at least one of blood pressure, blood velocity, blood flow rate, or fractional flow reserve within the plurality of blood vessels of the patient.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the patient-specific model of blood flow is a reduced-order model defined by a plurality of resistance values defining blood flow through the plurality of blood vessels.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10, wherein the reduced-order model is a lumped parameter model.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10, wherein modifying the patient-specific model of blood flow to reflect the occlusion of the blood vessel includes modifying a resistance value of the reduced-order model.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of blood vessels include one or more arteries in the patient's heart, neck, head, thorax, abdomen, arms, or legs.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, further comprising:
modeling an interventional or surgical repair, wherein modeling the interventional or surgical repair includes modifying the three-dimensional geometrical model and/or the patient-specific model of blood flow based on positioning of a stent at a location at or near the occlusion.

### Claim 15

A non-transitory computer readable medium for use on at least one computer system containing computer-executable programming instructions for performing a method for enabling the assessment of one or more blood vessels of a patient, based on calculated values of a blood flow characteristic, the method comprising:
receiving patient-specific imaging data of a geometry of a plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form a vessel tree of the patient;
determining, using a processor, a three-dimensional geometrical model of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree of the patient, based on the received patient-specific imaging data, the three-dimensional geometrical model comprising a model, in three dimensions, of a geometry of the plurality of blood vessels;
determining, using the processor, a patient-specific model of blood flow through the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree of the patient, based on the received patient-specific imaging data, the patient-specific model of blood flow comprising a model of the flow of blood through the plurality of blood vessels;
determining a first value of the blood flow characteristic within the plurality of blood vessels of the patient based on the three-dimensional geometrical model or the patient-specific model of blood flow through the plurality of blood vessels of the patient;
upon receiving a selection, from a user input received from a user or health care provider, of a blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree, enabling a modification of one or both of the patient-specific model of blood flow and a geometry of the three-dimensional geometrical model to simulate an occlusion that prevents blood flow through the blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree;
modifying the patient-specific model of blood flow to prevent blood flow through the blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels to simulate the occlusion of the blood vessel of the plurality of blood vessels interconnected to form the vessel tree;
predicting a change in blood flow, based on the occlusion, in vessels of the vessel tree different from the blood vessel having the occlusion, based on the modified patient-specific model of blood flow and/or the modified three-dimensional geometrical model;
determining a second value of the blood flow characteristic within the plurality of blood vessels of the patient based on the modified three-dimensional geometrical model reflecting the occlusion, and/or the modified patient-specific model of blood flow reflecting the occlusion;
predicting an effect on the patient of the occlusion based on the second value of the blood flow characteristic; and
outputting one or more of the first or second values of the blood flow characteristic, the modified three-dimensional geometrical model, the modified patient-specific model of blood flow, or the predicted effects, to an electronic storage medium or display.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the blood flow characteristic includes at least one of blood pressure, blood velocity, blood flow rate, or fractional flow reserve within the plurality of blood vessels of the patient.