# US 10,478,250 B2 · Electrosurgical return electrode and RFID system

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- Number: US 10,478,250 B2
- Document ID: US10478250B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/599,276
- Filed: 2017-05-18
- Published: 2017-12-21
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2016-06-17
- Assignees: Megadyne Medical Products, Inc.
- Applicants: Megadyne Medical Products, Inc.
- Inventors: Michael D. Ehninger; Paul R. Borgmeier; Darcy W. Greep
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10478250B2

## CPC

- A61B 18/16: Indifferent or passive electrodes for grounding
- A61N 1/04: Electrodes {(electrosurgical electrodes A61B18/14)}
- A61N 1/0476: {Array electrodes (including any electrode arrangement with more than one electrode for at least one of the polarities)}
- G06K 7/086: {sensing passive circuit, e.g. resonant circuit transponders}
- H01Q 1/2216: {used in interrogator/reader equipment}
- H01Q 7/00: Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
- H01Q 21/061: {Two dimensional planar arrays}
- A61B 18/14: Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B 2018/165: {Multiple indifferent electrodes}
- A61B 2018/167: {Passive electrodes capacitively coupled to the skin}
- A61B 2034/2051: {Electromagnetic tracking systems}
- A61B 2505/05: Surgical care
- A61B 2562/0223: Magnetic field sensors
- A61B 2562/08: Sensors provided with means for identification, e.g. barcodes or memory chips
- G06K 7/10: by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K 7/10544: {by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum}
- G06K 7/1098: {the scanning arrangement having a modular construction}
- G06K 7/1099: {scanning using X-rays}
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B)
- G06K: GRAPHICAL DATA READING (image or video recognition or understanding G06V); PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)

## Abstract

An electrosurgical return electrode configured for operable association with a transponder detection unit. The return electrode includes a conductive element having an aperture array configured to allow passage of a magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic interrogation signal from the transponder detection unit through the conductive element and through the return electrode. The return electrode is positionable over a transponder detection unit such that the return electrode may be placed upon the transponder detection unit and a patient may be positioned upon the return electrode. The return electrode enables the detection of a transponder located on, within, and/or near the patient without the need for repositioning the patient relative to the return electrode and without the need for positioning an ancillary transponder reader or transmitter above the patient.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electrosurgical return electrode comprising:
a conductive element configured to conduct electrical current, the conductive element having opposing first and second major surfaces and including an aperture array configured to allow passage of a magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic interrogation signal from an associated transponder detection unit through the conductive element, and
a patient contact pad positioned adjacent the first major surface of the conductive element and configured to be disposed between the conductive element and a patient when the patient is at least partially positioned upon the patient contact pad;
wherein the electrosurgical return electrode is configured to be at least partly positionable upon the transponder detection unit with the second major surface facing the transponder detection unit, and
wherein the aperture array is configured to be adjustable between an open configuration and a closed configuration to thereby adjust the magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic transparency of the electrosurgical return electrode.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

An electrosurgical return electrode according to claim 1, wherein the conductive element is formed as a plurality of substantially parallel rotatable slats, a plurality of apertures being disposed therebetween in the open configuration, the slats being configured to rotate to adjust the apertures between the open configuration and the closed configuration.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

An electrosurgical return electrode according to claim 2, wherein the apertures are substantially covered by overlapping or adjacent edges of the slats in the closed configuration.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

An electrosurgical return electrode according to claim 3, wherein the conductive element includes an upper section having one or more upper apertures and a lower section having one or more lower apertures, the upper apertures and lower apertures being in greater alignment in the open configuration than in the closed configuration.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

An electrosurgical return electrode according to claim 4, at least one of the upper or lower sections being slidably adjustable relative to the other section.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

An electrosurgical return electrode kit according to claim 1, further comprising an area of weakened integrity configured to enable at least a portion of the return electrode to be broken away from the remainder of the return electrode.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

An electrosurgical return electrode kit according to claim 1, wherein the return electrode is formed from a plurality of electrically connected modular sections, the aperture array being defined at least in part by gaps formed between the plurality of modular sections.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

An electrosurgical return electrode kit according to claim 7, wherein the modular sections are electrically connected by one or more wires or strips of conductive material.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

An electrosurgical return electrode kit according to claim 1, further comprising a height-adjustable component configured to adjust the thickness of at least a portion of the return electrode to enable movement of the conductive element further away from an associated transponder detection unit when the return electrode is positioned upon the transponder detection unit.

### Claim 10

An electrosurgical return electrode and transponder detection system, comprising:
a transponder detection unit comprising one or more antennae; and
an electrosurgical return electrode positioned above the transponder detection unit, the electrosurgical electrode comprising:
a conductive element configured to conduct electrosurgical current and return the electrosurgical current back to a an electrosurgical generator, the conductive element having opposing first and second major surfaces and including an aperture array configured to allow passage of a magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic interrogation signal from the transponder detection unit through the conductive element, the aperture array is sized and positioned in relation to at least one of the one or more antennae such that the interrogation signal is caused to be above a threshold strength, and wherein a surface area of the first major surface and a size of the aperture array cooperate to both maintain at least a selected amount of conductivity for the conductive element and enable the interrogation signal to be above the threshold strength, wherein the aperture array is configured to be adjustable between an open configuration and a closed configuration to thereby adjust the magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic transparency of the electrosurgical return electrode;
wherein the transponder detection unit and electrosurgical return electrode are operably associated such that the transponder detection unit is adapted to detect a transponder located in a target area above the electrosurgical return electrode and within range of the transponder detection unit.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

An electrosurgical return electrode and transponder detection system according to claim 10, wherein the system is configured to enable detection of the transponder when a patient is positioned upon the return electrode unit without repositioning the patient relative to the return electrode unit.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

An electrosurgical return electrode and transponder system according to claim 10, wherein the return electrode unit and the transponder detection unit are at least partially affixed to form an integrated one-piece structure.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

An electrosurgical return electrode and transponder detection system according to claim 12, wherein the one-piece structure is a mat or pad.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

An electrosurgical return electrode and transponder detection system according to claim 10, wherein the transponder detection unit is configured to transmit a magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic interrogation signal, and wherein the electrosurgical return electrode is configured to provide sufficient passage of the magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic interrogation signal through the electrosurgical return electrode to the transponder located above the electrosurgical return electrode.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)

A method for detecting a transponder in an electrosurgical environment, the method comprising:
positioning a patient at least partially upon an electrosurgical return electrode and transponder detection system according to any one of claims 10 to 14;
actuating the transponder detection unit to send a magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic interrogation signal to a target area that includes or is near at least a portion of the patient; and
receiving a return signal from a transponder indicating presence of the transponder at the target area.

### Claim 16

An electrosurgical return electrode and transponder detection unit kit, the kit comprising:
a transponder detection unit comprising one or more antennae; and
an electrosurgical return electrode comprising:
a conductive element configured to conduct electrosurgical current and return the electrosurgical current back to a an electrosurgical generator, the conductive element having opposing first and second major surfaces and including an aperture array configured to allow passage of a magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic interrogation signal from the transponder detection unit through the conductive element, wherein a surface area of the first major surface and a size of the aperture array cooperate to both maintain at least a selected amount of conductivity for the conductive element and enable the interrogation signal to be above a threshold strength; and
a patient contact pad positioned adjacent the first major surface of the conductive element and configured to be disposed between the conductive element and a patient when the patient is at least partially positioned upon the patient contact pad, the patient contact pad being formed of a non-conductive or dielectric material;
wherein the electrosurgical return electrode is configured to be at least partly positionable upon the transponder detection unit with the second major surface facing the transponder detection unit; and
wherein the aperture array is configured to be adjustable between an open configuration and a closed configuration to thereby adjust the magnetic, electric, or electromagnetic transparency of the electrosurgical return electrode.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

A kit according to claim 16, wherein the transponder detection unit comprises a transponder detection unit pad positioned adjacent the second major surface of the conductive element and configured to be disposed between the conductive element and the transponder detection unit when the electrosurgical return electrode is at least partially positioned upon the transponder detection unit.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

A kit according to claim 16, wherein the aperture array includes a plurality of apertures.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

A kit according to claim 18, wherein the aperture array includes 2 to 20, or 3 to 10, or 4 to 8 apertures.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

A kit according to claim 18, wherein the aperture array includes a plurality of distribution areas having separate aperture configurations.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

A kit according to claim 20, wherein the separate aperture configurations include separate aperture densities.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

A kit according to claim 21, wherein a second distribution area included among the plurality of distribution areas is disposed peripherally around at least a portion of a first distribution area included among the plurality of distribution areas, and wherein the second distribution area includes a higher aperture density than the first distribution area.

### Claim 23 (depends on 20)

A kit according to claim 20, wherein the separate aperture configurations include separate aperture sizes.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

A kit according to claim 23, wherein a first distribution area included among the plurality of distribution areas includes apertures having a smaller average size than apertures of a second distribution area included among the plurality of distribution areas, the second distribution area being disposed peripherally around at least a portion of a first distribution area.

### Claim 25 (depends on 20)

A kit according to claim 20, wherein the separate aperture configurations include separate aperture shapes.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

A kit according to claim 25, wherein at least one of the apertures extends across at least a portion of a first distribution area and at least a portion of a second distribution area, and has a smaller size within a first distribution area and a larger size within a second distribution area, the second distribution area being disposed peripherally around at least a portion of a first distribution area.

### Claim 27 (depends on 16)

A kit according to claim 16, wherein the aperture array includes circular or ovoid shaped apertures.

### Claim 28 (depends on 16)

A kit according to claim 16, wherein the conductive element is formed as a plurality of electrically connected panels, the aperture array being defined by gaps between the plurality of panels.

### Claim 29 (depends on 16)

A kit according to claim 16, wherein the aperture array includes slits.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

A kit according to claim 29, wherein the slits are substantially aligned with a longitudinal axis of the electrosurgical return electrode.

### Claim 31 (depends on 29)

A kit according to claim 29, wherein the slits are oriented transverse to a longitudinal axis of the electrosurgical return electrode.

### Claim 32 (depends on 16)

A kit according to claim 16, wherein the aperture array covers 10 to 90% of the plan view surface area of the conductive element.