# US 10,478,086 B2 · Measurement of cortical excitability

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- Number: US 10,478,086 B2
- Document ID: US10478086B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/558,780
- Filed: 2016-03-17
- Published: 2018-03-15
- Granted: 2019-11-19
- Earliest claimed: 2015-03-17
- Assignees: Health Research, Inc.
- Applicants: Health Research, Inc.
- Inventors: Gerwin Schalk; Peter Brunner; William G. Coon; Adriana De Pesters
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10478086B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/383: Somatosensory stimuli, e.g. electric stimulation
- A61B 5/293: Invasive
- A61B 5/374: Detecting the frequency distribution of signals, e.g. detecting delta, theta, alpha, beta or gamma waves
- A61B 5/4836: {Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods (A61B5/0036 takes precedence)}
- A61N 1/36064: {Epilepsy}
- A61N 1/36067: {Movement disorders, e.g. tremor or Parkinson disease (stimulating motor muscle A61N1/36003)}
- A61N 1/36071: {Pain}
- A61N 1/36139: {with automatic adjustment}
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B)

## Abstract

The present invention includes a responsive neural stimulator having electrodes, a filter, a processor, a recording medium, an extractor for extracting instantaneous voltage amplitudes of biased oscillatory activity with asymmetrically distributed peak/trough amplitudes, and a neural stimulator connected to the processor configured to apply neural stimulation via the neural stimulator when a predetermined state of neuronal excitability is detected, a state of relatively higher neuronal excitability corresponding to a relatively lower instantaneous voltage amplitude extracted by the extractor. Also provided is a system for providing neurofeedback including electrodes, a filter, a processor, a recording medium, an extractor for extracting instantaneous voltage amplitudes of biased oscillatory activity with asymmetrically distributed peak/trough amplitudes, and an output device configured to communicate changes in, increases in, decreases in, or maintenance of instantaneous voltage amplitudes, or any combination, to a participant in a neurofeedback session.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A responsive neural stimulator comprising:
one or more recording electrodes connected to a filter;
a processor connected to the filter wherein the processor comprises a recording medium for recording brain waves detected by the one or more recording electrodes and an extractor for extracting instantaneous voltage amplitudes of biased oscillatory activity, and wherein the biased oscillatory activity comprises asymmetrically distributed peak/trough amplitudes; and
a neural stimulator connected to the processor, wherein the processor, the neural stimulator, or both are configured to apply neural stimulation via the neural stimulator when a predetermined state of neuronal excitability is detected, wherein a state of relatively higher neuronal excitability comprises a relatively lower instantaneous voltage amplitude extracted by the extractor.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The responsive neural stimulator of claim 1, wherein the one or more recording electrodes comprise scalp electroencephalography electrodes, brain-surface electrocorticography electrodes, within-brain-local field potential electrodes, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The responsive neural stimulator in claim 1, wherein the neural stimulator is a brain-surface stimulator or a within-brain implantation stimulator.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The responsive neural stimulator of claim 2, wherein the one or more recording electrodes comprise scalp electroencephalography electrodes and the scalp electroencephalography electrodes comprise dense array electrodes or ambulatory electrodes.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The responsive neural stimulator of claim 1, wherein the one or more recording electrodes, the neural stimulator, the processor, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing, are indwelling or portable.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3)

The responsive neural stimulator of claim 3, wherein the one or more recording electrodes comprise indwelling brain-surface electrocorticography electrodes and the processor is portable or indwelling.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

A method of using the responsive neural stimulator of claim 1, wherein using comprises applying stimulation via the neural stimulator when said predetermined state of neuronal excitability is detected.

### Claim 8

A system for providing neurofeedback comprising:
one or more recording electrodes connected to a filter;
a processor connected to the filter wherein the processor comprises a recording medium for recording brain waves detected by the one or more recording electrodes and an extractor configured to extract instantaneous voltage amplitudes of biased oscillatory activity comprising asymmetrically distributed peak/trough amplitudes; and
an output device connected to the processor and configured to communicate changes in, increases in, decreases in, or maintenance of instantaneous voltage amplitudes, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing, to a participant in a neurofeedback session.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

A system of claim 8, comprising a plurality of output devices connected to the processor and configured to communicate changes in, increases in, decreases in, or maintenance of instantaneous voltage amplitudes, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more recording electrodes comprise scalp electroencephalography electrodes, brain-surface electrocorticography electrodes, within-brain local field potential electrodes, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more recording electrodes comprise scalp electroencephalography electrodes and the scalp electroencephalography electrodes comprise dense array electrodes or ambulatory electrodes.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the output device comprises a display device, a computer monitor, a light-emitting device, a speaker, an auditory device, an electrode, a vibrational feedback device, or a thermal feedback device.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The system of claim 12, wherein the output device comprises a light-emitting device configured to communicate changes in, increases in, decreases in, or maintenance of instantaneous voltage amplitudes, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing by displaying visual stimuli.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The system of claim 12, wherein the output device comprises a speaker configured to communicate changes in, increases in, decreases in, or maintenance of instantaneous voltage amplitudes, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing by producing auditory stimuli of a pitch, volume, or duration, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing.

### Claim 15 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, further comprising an aggregator configured to aggregate instantaneous voltage amplitudes detected by two or more electrodes and wherein the output device is configured to communicate changes in, increases in, decreases in, or maintenance of, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing, aggregated instantaneous voltage amplitudes.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The system of claim 15, wherein the one or more recording electrodes comprise scalp electroencephalography electrodes, brain-surface electrocorticography electrodes, within-brain local field potential electrodes, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The system of claim 16, wherein the one or more recording electrodes comprise brain-surface electrocorticography electrodes and the brain-surface electrocorticography electrodes comprise dense array electrodes or ambulatory electrodes.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The system of claim 15, wherein the output device comprises a display device, a computer monitor, a light-emitting device, a speaker, an auditory device, an electrode, a vibrational feedback device, or a thermal feedback device.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The system of claim 18, wherein the output device comprises a light-emitting device configured to communicate changes in, increases in, decreases in, or maintenance of aggregated instantaneous voltage amplitudes, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing by displaying visual stimuli.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The system of claim 18, wherein the output device comprises a speaker configured to communicate changes in, increases in, decreases in, or maintenance of aggregated instantaneous voltage amplitudes, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing, by producing auditory stimuli of a pitch, volume, or duration, or any combination of two or more of the foregoing.