Composition and method for forming electroactive coating comprising conjugated heteroaromatic polymer, capacitor and antistatic object comprising the electroactive coating, and solid electrolytic capacitor and method for fabricating the same

A solution for forming an electroactive coating, containing a conjugated heteroaromatic polymer, being transitional metal free, and being prepared directly from a composition comprising:

• at least one compound of formula (1) or (2) as a monomer,
• wherein in formula (1),
• X is selected from the group consisting of S, O, Se, Te, PR2 and NR2, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkanoyl, and aryloyl groups,
• Y is hydrogen (H), or a precursor of a good leaving group Y− whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pKa of less than 30,
• Z is hydrogen (H), silyl, or a precursor of a good leaving group Z− whose conjugate acid (HZ) has a pKa of less than 30,
• b is 0, 1 or 2, and
• each R1 is a substituent, wherein when b=2, the two R1 are the same or different and may joint together to form a ring;
• the at least one compound of formula (1) comprises at least one compound of formula (1) with Z=H and Y≠H;
• in formula (2),
• X is the same or different at each occurrence, and is independently selected from the group consisting of S, O, Se, Te, PR2 and NR2, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkanoyl, and aryloy groups,
• Y is hydrogen (H), or a precursor of a good leaving group Y− whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pKa of less than 30,
• Z is hydrogen (H), silyl, or a precursor of a good leaving group Z− whose conjugate acid (HZ) has a pKa of less than 30,
• Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted, mono- or poly-nuclear, aryl or heteroaryl ring,
• m, o and p are each independently an integer equal to or greater than 0, with a proviso that m+p≥1,
• each k is independently 0, 1 or 2,
• each R5 is a substituent, wherein any two R5 on the same ring or on two neighboring rings, or R5 and a substituent group on a neighboring Ar ring, may join together to form another ring;
• and
• the at least one compound of formula (2) comprises at least one compound of formula (2) with Z=H and Y≠H;
• an acid as a polymerization catalyst selected from the group consisting of a protic acid, a polymeric acid, and a non-transitional Lewis acid;
• and
• at least one functional component, selected from the group consisting of a solvent, a polymerization retardant, a polymer binder, a dopant, a dielectric layer protection agent, a plasticizer, an impact modifier, and a crosslinking agent,
• wherein the at least one functional component contains at least a polymerization retardant comprising at least one Lewis base having a stronger basicity than the monomer,
• when the polymerization retardant comprises a carbonate, the carbonate is selected from dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate, and
• the conjugated heteroaromatic polymer contains, as a dopant therefor, the acid as the polymerization catalyst.

An electroactive coating, comprising a conjugated heteroaromatic polymer that is transitional metal free and is prepared from a composition comprising:

• at least one compound of formula (1) or (2) as a monomer,
• wherein in formula (1),
• X is selected from the group consisting of S, O, Se, Te, PR2 and NR2, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkanoyl, and aryloyl groups,
• Y is hydrogen (H), or a precursor of a good leaving group Y− whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pKa of less than 30,
• Z is hydrogen (H), silyl, or a precursor of a good leaving group Z whose conjugate acid (HZ) has a pKa of less than 30,
• b is 0, 1 or 2, and
• each R1 is a substituent, wherein when b=2, the two R1 are the same or different and may joint together to form a ring;
• the at least one compound of formula (1) comprises at least one compound of formula (1) with Z=H and Y≠H;
• in formula (2),
• X is the same or different at each occurrence, and is independently selected from the group consisting of S, O, Se, Te, PR2 and NR2, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkanoyl, and aryloy groups,
• Y is hydrogen (H), or a precursor of a good leaving group Y− whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pKa of less than 30,
• Z is hydrogen (H), silyl, or a precursor of a good leaving group Z− whose conjugate acid (HZ) has a pKa of less than 30,
• Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted, mono- or poly-nuclear, aryl or heteroaryl ring,
• m, o and p are each independently an integer equal to or greater than 0, with a proviso that m+p≥1,
• each k is independently 0, 1 or 2,
• each R5 is a substituent, wherein any two R5 on the same ring or on two neighboring rings, or R5 and a substituent group on a neighboring Ar ring, may join together to form another ring;
• and
• the at least one compound of formula (2) comprises at least one compound of formula (2) with Z=H and Y≠H;
• an acid as a polymerization catalyst selected from the group consisting of a protic acid, a polymeric acid, and a non-transitional Lewis acid;
• and
• at least one functional component, selected from the group consisting of a solvent, a polymerization retardant, a polymer binder, a dopant, a dielectric layer protection agent, a plasticizer, an impact modifier, and a crosslinking agent,
• wherein the at least one functional component contains at least a polymerization retardant, and the polymerization retardant comprises a polymer retardant, and
• the conjugated heteroaromatic polymer contains, as a dopant therefor, the acid as the polymerization catalyst.