Low temperature activator systems and methods for chemiluminescent reactions

A chemiluminescent system, comprising:

• an activator system, comprising:
• (a) at least one first solvent,
• wherein the at least one first solvent is selected from the group of:
• triethyl citrate, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, and a combination thereof,
• (b) at least one peroxide,
• (c) at least one second solvent, wherein,
• (i) when the at least one first solvent comprises triethyl citrate, the at least one second solvent is selected from the group of:
• 2-methyl-2-pentanol, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, and a combination thereof;
• (ii) when the at least one first solvent comprises ethylene glycol methyl ether, the at least one second solvent is methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate;
• and
• (iii) when the at least one first solvent comprises ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, the at least one second solvent is 3-methyl-3-pentanol or 2-methyl-2-butanol;
• and
• wherein the at least one first solvent and the at least one second solvent form a solvent mixture configured to be present in a liquid state at a temperature between −110 degrees Celsius to 75 degrees Celsius;
• and
• (d) at least one catalyst,
• wherein the at least one catalyst is soluble in the solvent mixture and is selected from the group consisting of:
• dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylethylamine, N-ethyl-N-methylbenzylamine, diethylbenzylamine, N-methyl-N-propylbenzylamine, N,N-dibutylbenzylamine, N,N-bis(1-methylethyl)benzenemethanamine, methyl dibenzylamine, ethyl dibenzylamine, n-propyl dibenzylamine, iso-propyl dibenzylamine, butyl dibenzylamine, isobutyl dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzyl-2-phenylethanamine, hexyl dibenzylamine, tribenzyl amine, 4-methyl-N,N-bis[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]benzenemethanamine, 4-methyl-N,Nbis(phenylmethyl)benzenemethanamine, N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenemethanamine, N-ethyl-N-phenylbenzenemethanamine, N,4-dimethyl-N-phenylbenzenemethanamine, phenylbenzenemethanamine, N, N-diphenylbenzenemethanamine, N-propyl-NN, N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenemethanamine, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, cesium benzoate, sodium salicylate, potassium salicylate, cesium salicylate, sodium o-anisate, potassium o-anisate, cesium o-anisate, sodium p-anisate, potassium p-anisate, and cesium p-anisate;
• wherein the at least one first solvent is present in a first amount ranging from 25 and 65 percent by weight based on a total weight of the activator system;
• wherein the at least one second solvent is present in a second amount ranging from 25 and 65 percent by weight based on the total weight of the activator system;
• wherein a combination of the at least one first solvent and the at least one second solvent is present in a sufficient amount in the chemiluminescent system so as to result in the chemiluminescent system producing a light having an illuminescence between 0.1 lux and 35,000 lux.