Multi-particle reduced order Li-ion battery controller

A system to manage battery performance of a vehicle, comprising:

• a battery management system of the vehicle comprising one or more processors and memory;
• a database of the battery management system that stores a profile for a battery of the vehicle;
• a sensor of the vehicle to identify a value of a current output by the battery that supplies power to the vehicle, the value of the current output by the battery corresponding to a first timestamp;
• the battery management system to determine, via a multi-particle model, a local current distribution that converges;
• the battery management system to determine, via the multi-particle model and subsequent to determination of the local current distribution that converges, a concentration distribution of lithium ions;
• a battery controller component of the battery management system to:
• determine, based on the local current distribution determined from the multi-particle model, a value of a voltage of the battery;
• determine, based on the value of the voltage of the battery and the concentration distribution of lithium ions determined from the multi-particle model, a temperature of the battery;
• and
• generate, based on the value of the voltage of the battery or the temperature of the battery determined based on the multi-particle model, a command to manage a performance of the battery.