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US 10,471,698 B2Granted
Computational model and three-dimensional (3D) printing methods
AssigneeHewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
InventorsKeshava A. Prasad, David H. Donovan, Krzysztof Nauka, Ali Emamjomeh, Hua Tan
Life of this patent
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Abstract
In a computational modeling method for identifying how to apply a modifying agent during a three-dimensional (3D) printing method, a thermal diffusion model of a layer of a 3D object to be formed from a portion of a sinterable material using the 3D printing method is created. The thermal diffusion model is created by a computer running computer readable instructions stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium. A quantity of the modifying agent to be selectively applied is calculated, by the computer, based upon the thermal diffusion model.
Claims15
A three-dimensional (3D) printing method, comprising:
- applying a sinterable material;
- heating the sinterable material to a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 350° C.;
- selectively applying a coalescent agent on a portion of the sinterable material;
- determining how to selectively apply a modifying agent on an other portion of the sinterable material using a thermal diffusion characteristic of i) the sinterable material, ii) a layer to be formed of the portion sinterable material, or iii) both i and ii, the modifying agent including:
- from about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % water;
- from about 5 wt % up to 30 wt % of a co-solvent having a lower thermal diffusivity than water;
- a surfactant;
- and
- optionally a biocide;
- wherein the determining involves:
- estimating a length scale of thermal diffusion using a cured layer having been formed with a same type of sinterable material, a same position for the selectively applied coalescent agent, and without the modifying agent;
- and
- identifying at least a location for the selective application of the modifying agent from the length scale;
- selectively applying the amount of the modifying agent on an other portion of the sinterable material;
- and
- exposing the sinterable material to radiation, whereby the coalescent agent at least partially cures the portion of the sinterable material in proximity of the coalescent agent, and the modifying agent reduces or prevents curing of the other portion of the sinterable material in proximity of the modifying agent.
13 more elements
A three-dimensional (3D) printing method, comprising:
- applying a sinterable material;
- heating the sinterable material to a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 350° C.;
- selectively applying a coalescent agent on a portion of the sinterable material;
- determining how to selectively apply a modifying agent on another portion of the sinterable material using a thermal diffusion characteristic of i) the sinterable material, ii) a layer to be formed of the portion sinterable material, or iii) both i and ii, the modifying agent including:
- from about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % water;
- from about 5 wt % up to 30 wt % of a co-solvent having a lower thermal diffusivity than water;
- a surfactant;
- and
- optionally a biocide;
- wherein the layer is to be formed of the portion of the sinterable material;
- wherein the determining is accomplished by:
- creating, by a computer running computer readable instructions stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, a thermal diffusion model of the layer to be formed of the sinterable material;
- and
- calculating, by the computer, a quantity of the modifying agent to be selectively applied based upon the thermal diffusion model;
- and
- wherein the calculating includes:
- from the thermal diffusion model, determining an excess temperature of the other portion of the sinterable material that is above a set temperature for a fabrication bed;
- converting the excess temperature to a quantity of excess energy;
- and
- converting the quantity of excess energy to the quantity of the modifying agent that is effective for removing the excess energy;
- selectively applying the amount of the modifying agent on another portion of the sinterable material;
- and
- exposing the sinterable material to radiation, whereby the coalescent agent at least partially cures the portion of the sinterable material in proximity of the coalescent agent, and the modifying agent reduces or prevents curing of the other portion of the sinterable material in proximity of the modifying agent.
20 more elements
A three-dimensional (3D) printing method, comprising:
- applying a sinterable material;
- heating the sinterable material to a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 350° C.;
- selectively applying a coalescent agent on a portion of the sinterable material;
- determining how to selectively apply a modifying agent on an other portion of the sinterable material using a thermal diffusion characteristic of i) the sinterable material, ii) a layer to be formed of the portion sinterable material, or iii) both i and ii, the modifying agent including:
- from about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % water;
- from about 5 wt % up to 30 wt % of a co-solvent having a lower thermal diffusivity than water;
- a surfactant;
- and
- optionally a biocide;
- wherein the determining involves empirically determining a quantity of the modifying agent and a temperature change effected by the quantity of the modifying agent;
- and
- wherein the empirically determining involves:
- exposing the sinterable material, without any coalescent agent or modifying agent thereon, to the radiation to form a reference area;
- measuring a temperature of the reference area;
- exposing the sinterable material, with the quantity of the modifying agent thereon, to the radiation to form a test area;
- measuring the temperature of the test area;
- determining a difference in temperature between the test area and the reference area;
- and
- associating the quantity of the modifying agent with the difference in temperature
- selectively applying the amount of the modifying agent on another portion of the sinterable material;
- and
- exposing the sinterable material to radiation, whereby the coalescent agent at least partially cures the portion of the sinterable material in proximity of the coalescent agent, and the modifying agent reduces or prevents curing of the other portion of the sinterable material in proximity of the modifying agent.
19 more elements
A method for identifying how to apply a modifying agent during a three-dimensional (3D) printing method, the method comprising:
- receiving, by a computer running computer readable instructions stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, 3D shape information about a layer to be formed of a portion of a sinterable material, the 3D shape information including a value indicative of the selective application of a coalescent agent;
- generating, by the computer, an energy or temperature profile for the layer to be formed of the portion of the sinterable material;
- and
- from the 3D shape information and the energy or temperature profile, identifying areas of the layer where an evaporative cooling effect of the modifying agent is to take place, the areas of the layer including a first area, where a degree of coalescence of the sintering material is to be reduced but coalescence still occurs;
- based on the identification, generating, by the computer, a pattern for selective application of the modifying agent with respect to the layer to be formed;
- wherein the modifying agent includes a surfactant, a co-solvent, water, and optionally a biocide.
3 more elements
A computational modeling method for identifying how to apply a modifying agent during a three-dimensional (3D) printing method, the computational modeling method comprising:
- creating, by a computer running computer readable instructions stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, a thermal diffusion model of a layer of a three-dimensional object to be formed from a portion of a sinterable material using the 3D printing method;
- and
- calculating, by the computer, a quantity of the modifying agent to be selectively applied at least some of the sinterable material to provide an evaporative cooling effect based upon the thermal diffusion model;
- wherein:
- the modifying agent includes a surfactant, a co-solvent, water, and optionally a biocide;
- the thermal diffusion model identifies an excess energy outside an edge boundary of the layer;
- and
- the calculating converts the excess energy to the quantity of the modifying agent to be selectively applied.
5 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.