Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising in this order:

• a support member;
• an electroconductive layer;
• and
• a photosensitive layer,
• wherein the electroconductive layer contains a binder resin, first metal oxide particles, and second metal oxide particles, and
• wherein the first metal oxide particles comprise barium sulfate particles coated with tin oxide, and the second metal oxide particles comprise particles of at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of strontium titanate, barium titanate, and niobium oxide.

A process cartridge capable of being removably attached to an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support member, an electroconductive layer, and a photosensitive layer, in this order;
• and
• at least one device selected from the group consisting of a charging device, a developing device, a transfer device, and a cleaning device, the at least one device being held together with the electrophotographic photosensitive member in one body,
• wherein the electroconductive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a binder resin, first metal oxide particles, and second metal oxide particles, and
• wherein the first metal oxide particles comprise barium oxide particles coated with tin oxide, and the second metal oxide particles comprise particles of at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of strontium titanate, barium titanate, and niobium oxide.

An electrophotographic apparatus comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support member, an electroconductive layer, and a photosensitive layer, in this order;
• a charging device;
• an exposure device;
• a developing device;
• and
• a transfer device,
• wherein the electroconductive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a binder resin, first metal oxide particles, and second metal oxide particles, and
• wherein the first metal oxide particles comprise barium oxide particles coated with tin oxide, and the second metal oxide particles comprise particles of at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of strontium titanate, barium titanate, and niobium oxide.