# US 10,455,392 B2 · Adaptive matching with antenna detuning detection

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- Number: US 10,455,392 B2
- Document ID: US10455392B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/716,712
- Filed: 2017-09-27
- Published: 2019-03-28
- Granted: 2019-10-22
- Earliest claimed: 2017-09-27
- Assignees: Apple Inc.
- Applicants: Apple Inc.
- Inventors: Xinping Zeng; Peter M. Agboh; Vusthla Sunil Reddy
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10455392B2

## CPC

- H04W 4/80: Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
- H01Q 1/2216: {used in interrogator/reader equipment}
- H01Q 1/52: Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure (absorbing means H01Q17/00)
- H04B 5/24: Inductive coupling
- H04B 5/48: Transceivers
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)
- H04B: TRANSMISSION

## Abstract

An electronic device includes a transmitter configured to generate a signal. The electronic device also includes tuning circuitry coupled to the transmitter, wherein the tuning circuitry comprises a variable capacitance element and at least one fixed capacitance element having a fixed capacitance, wherein the variable capacitance element is configured to provide a dynamic capacitance based upon a voltage value related to a determined phase difference between the signal and a second signal, wherein the tuning circuitry is configured to adjust a frequency of the first signal to generate a tuned signal based upon a total capacitance comprising the fixed capacitance and the dynamic capacitance. The electronic device further includes an antenna coupled to the tuning circuitry and configured to generate an electromagnetic field based on the tuned signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electronic device comprising:
a transmitter configured to generate a first signal;
a clock control circuit configured to generate a second signal;
a receiver coupled to the clock control circuit, wherein the receiver comprises a phase compensation element configured to receive the second signal prior to a phase comparator and adjust a phase of the second signal to generate a phase-adjusted second signal;
tuning circuitry coupled to the transmitter and the receiver, wherein the tuning circuitry comprises a variable capacitance element and at least one fixed capacitance element having a fixed capacitance, wherein the variable capacitance element is configured to provide a dynamic capacitance based upon a voltage value related to a determined phase difference between the first signal and the phase-adjusted second signal, wherein the tuning circuitry is configured to adjust a frequency of the first signal to generate a tuned signal based upon a total capacitance comprising the fixed capacitance and the dynamic capacitance; and
an antenna coupled to the tuning circuitry and configured to generate an electromagnetic field based on the tuned signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the receiver is coupled to the tuning circuitry and comprises the phase comparator, wherein the phase comparator is configured to generate an indication of a difference in phase between the phase-adjusted second signal and the first signal as a phase compared signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the receiver comprises a filter coupled to the phase comparator and configured to filter the phase compared signal to generate the voltage value.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the receiver comprises an output coupled to the variable capacitance element and configured to transmit the voltage value to the variable capacitance element.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the tuning circuitry is configured to adjust the frequency of the first signal to generate the tuned signal corresponding to the electromagnetic field having a frequency of 13.56 MHz.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the tuning circuitry is configured to adjust the frequency of the first signal to generate the tuned signal corresponding to the electromagnetic field having a predetermined frequency.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the variable capacitance element is directly connected to ground.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the at least one fixed capacitance element comprises a plurality of fixed capacitance elements, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of the fixed capacitance elements are directly connected to ground.

### Claim 9

A method comprising:
receiving an input signal having a first phase from a transmitter;
receiving a phase-shifted clock signal having a second phase from a phase compensation element configured to receive a clock signal having a third phase from a clock control circuit configured to transmit the clock signal to the transmitter;
comparing the input signal having the first phase with the phase-shifted clock signal having the second phase;
generating a phase comparison signal based upon a difference in phase between the input signal having the first phase and the phase-shifted clock signal having the second phase; and
outputting a control signal having a voltage based upon the phase comparison signal to control an amount of capacitance of a variable capacitance element of an antenna tuning circuit of a communication interface.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein outputting the control signal causes tuning circuitry to adjust a frequency of the input signal to generate a tuned signal based at least in part upon the amount of capacitance of the variable capacitance element.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, comprising filtering the phase comparison signal to generate the control signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein outputting the control signal causes tuning circuitry to adjust a frequency of the input signal to generate a tuned signal based upon a total amount of capacitance, wherein the total amount of capacitance comprises the amount of capacitance of the variable capacitance element and an amount of capacitance of a fixed capacitance element.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein the variable capacitance element is directly coupled to ground.

### Claim 14

A device, comprising:
a transmitter configured to generate a first signal having a first phase;
a clock control circuit configured to generate a second signal having a second phase; and
a receiver comprising:
an input configured to receive the first signal having the first phase;
a phase compensation circuit configured to receive the second signal and adjust a phase of the second signal based upon an operational characteristic of the transmitter to generate a phase-adjusted second signal;
a phase comparator configured to:
compare the first signal having the first phase with the phase-adjusted second signal; and
generate a phase comparison signal based upon a difference in phase between the first signal having the first phase and the phase-adjusted second signal; and
an output configured to transmit a control signal having a voltage based upon the phase comparison signal to control an amount of capacitance of a variable capacitance element of an antenna tuning circuit of a communication interface.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The device of claim 14, wherein:
the clock control circuit is coupled to the transmitter and the receiver; and
the clock control circuit is configured to transmit the second signal having the second phase to the phase comparator.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The device of claim 14, comprising a Near-Field Communication (NFC) chip comprising the clock control circuit, the transmitter, and the receiver.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The device of claim 14, comprising the antenna tuning circuit, wherein the antenna tuning circuit is coupled to the transmitter and the receiver and comprises tuning circuitry coupled to the transmitter, wherein the tuning circuitry comprises the variable capacitance element and at least one fixed capacitance element having a fixed capacitance.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The device of claim 17, wherein the variable capacitance element is configured to provide an adjusted capacitance based upon the control signal to adjust a frequency of the first signal to generate a tuned signal based upon a total capacitance comprising the fixed capacitance and the adjusted capacitance.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The device of claim 18, comprising an antenna coupled to the antenna tuning circuit and configured to generate an electromagnetic field having a predetermined frequency based upon the tuned signal.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The device of claim 17, wherein the variable capacitance element is directly coupled to ground.