Video-encoding method and video-encoding apparatus based on encoding units determined in accordance with a tree structure, and video-decoding method and video-decoding apparatus based on encoding units determined in accordance with a tree structure

An apparatus for decoding a video, the apparatus comprising:

• a receiver configured to receive a bitstream with respect to an encoded video;
• and
• a decoder configured to extract, from the received bitstream, information about a size of a coding unit that is a data unit for decoding of a picture of the encoded video, a variable depth of the coding unit, split information and an encoding mode with respect to coding units having a tree structure of the picture, determine a maximum size of the coding unit based on the information about the size and the variable depth, split the picture into one or more maximum coding units based on the determined maximum size, determine the coding units having the tree structure based on the split information, and decode and reconstruct the picture based on the determined coding units based on the encoding mode, wherein a maximum coding unit, among the one or more maximum coding units, is hierarchically split into one or more coding units of depths including at least one of a current depth and a lower depth according to the split information, when the split information indicates a split for the current depth, a coding unit of the current depth is split into four coding units of the lower depth, independently from neighboring coding units, and when the split information indicates a non-split for the current depth, the coding unit of the current depth is split into one or more prediction units.