Power converters with modular stages

An apparatus for controlling a power converter that transforms a first voltage into a second voltage, said power converter comprising an inductance and a capacitor network, said apparatus including a switched-capacitor terminal for connection to said capacitor network, and first and second switch sets, each comprising a plurality of switches, at least one of said switches being connected to said switched-capacitor terminal, said switch sets, when connected to said capacitor network, defining a switched-capacitor network comprising capacitors interconnected by switches, wherein closing switches in said first switch set and opening switches in said second switch set arranges capacitors of said switched-capacitor network into a first state and closing said switches in said second set and opening said switches in said first set arranges said capacitors in a second state, said apparatus further comprising a controller that, when in operation, causes said switched-capacitor network to transition between said first state and the second state at a specific frequency, thereby transferring charge between capacitors and terminals of said switched-capacitor network and causes said inductance to cooperate with said switched-capacitor network to cause transformation of said first voltage into said second voltage, wherein said controller comprises a first control circuit and a second control circuit, said first and second control circuits being isolated from each other.