Low cost rechargeable battery and the method for making the same

Abstract

Low-cost electrochemical energy storage devices having electrochemical cells containing zinc electrodes in aqueous electrolytes, which exhibit superior cycle performance, preferably comprise the following elements: (a) a cathode formed of manganese dioxide particles, preferably doped with at least one of magnesium, strontium, barium, calcium, and lanthanum, wherein the manganese dioxide particles preferably form at least one of (1) a delta manganese dioxide structure and (2) a todokorite manganese dioxide structure; (b) an anode formed of particles comprising zinc, wherein the particles are preferably treated with at least one of bismuth, indium, gallium, antimony, and tin; (c) a mixed ion electrolyte solution with a pH greater than or equal to three and less than or equal to seven, wherein the solution preferably comprises at least one monovalent salt and at least one divalent salt; and (d) a mesh as cathode current collector comprising at least one of titanium, stainless steel, tantalum, and niobium, wherein the mesh is preferably coated by an electrically conductive and yet oxidation resistant material comprising but not limited to carbon.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.