Pop-up laminate structures with integrated electronics

A method for fabricating a three-dimensional structure with voice-coil actuation, the method comprising:

• stacking a plurality of patterned layers and bonding the plurality of patterned layers at selected locations to form a laminate structure with inter-layer bonds, wherein one of the layers comprises part of a magnetic core, and wherein a first layer of discrete electrically conductive parallel paths is stacked on a first side of the magnetic core part, and wherein a second layer of discrete electrically conductive parallel paths is stacked on a second side of the magnetic core part opposite from the first side, wherein each path comprises a first end and a second end;
• respectively bonding the first ends of the paths in the first layer with the second ends of the paths in the second layer and respectively bonding the second ends of the paths in the first layer with the first ends of the paths in the second layer to form a plurality of windings in an electrically conductive coil;
• attaching one or more secondary magnetic structures to the magnetic core part enclosed by the electrically conductive coil to form a complete magnetic core;
• and
• expanding the laminate structure into an expanded three-dimensional configuration by selectively distorting at least one of the layers to produce gaps between layers while maintaining at least some of the inter-layer bonds, wherein the expansion of the laminate structure positions the electrically conductive coil about the magnetic core, where the electrically conductive coil and the magnetic core form a voice-coil actuator, and where that the electrically conductive coil is displaced relative to the magnetic core when electric current passes through the electrically conductive coil.