# US 10,374,844 B1 · Signal-equalization with noise-whitening filter > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,374,844 B1 - Document ID: US10374844B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 15/915,968 - Filed: 2018-03-08 - Granted: 2019-08-06 - Earliest claimed: 2018-03-08 - Assignees: NXP B.V. - Applicants: NXP B.V. - Inventors: Özgün Paker; Petrus Josephus Franciscus Hoeven - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10374844B1 ## CPC - H04L 25/03993: {Noise whitening} - H04L 25/0305: {using blind adaptation} - H04L 25/03057: {with a recursive structure (H04L25/03031 takes precedence)} - H04L 25/0307: {using blind adaptation} - H04L 25/03159: {operating in the frequency domain (H04L25/03165, H04L25/03178 take precedence)} - H04L 25/03267: {with decision feedback equalisers} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Signal equalization is provided, according to certain aspects, by a frequency-domain equalization circuit, a noise-whitening filter and a noise predictor. A sequencer is used to control ordering of the equalization circuit, a noise-whitening filter and a noise predictor. The equalization circuit provides equalization the frequency domain by converging on symbols of the input signal. The noise-whitening filter and the noise predictor filter colored noise from a signal responsive to the equalization circuit. The sequencer controls operation of the noise-whitening filter by detecting an indication of convergence of the symbols from input signal and causing the noise-whitening filter to commence suppression of colored noise from a signal derived from an output by the equalization circuit. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A circuit comprising: an equalization circuit configured and arranged to provide equalization of an input signal in a frequency domain by converging on symbols of the input signal; a processing circuit including a noise-whitening filter and a noise predictor, the noise-whitening filter and the noise predictor being configured and arranged to filter colored noise from a signal responsive to the equalization circuit; and a sequencer circuit configured and arranged to control operation of the noise-whitening filter by detecting an indication of convergence of the symbols of the input signal and, in response to the detection, generating a signal that causes the noise-whitening filter to commence suppression of colored noise from a signal corresponding to or derived from a signal output by the equalization circuit. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein the equalization circuit is further configured and arranged to provide equalization of the input signal in the frequency domain by sampling data from a high-speed serial stream, carried at a rate of at least 800 megabits per second. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein the equalization circuit is further configured and arranged to provide equalization of the input signal in the frequency domain by using an overlap method in which data is sampled from a high-speed serial stream, carried at a rate characterized by signals conveying data at least 750 Megabits per second or by clock frequencies of at least 750 Mhz. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein the equalization circuit is further configured and arranged to operate in multiple modes including a blind mode occurring before the indication of convergence of the symbols of the input signal, and including a decision directed mode occurring after the indication of convergence of the symbols of the input signal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein the equalization circuit is further configured and arranged to operate using a feed-forward architecture and to operate in multiple modes including a blind mode which occurs before the indication of convergence of the symbols of the input signal, and which facilitates the equalization circuit progressing towards convergence without use or decoding of a training sequence in the input signal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein the equalization circuit is further configured and arranged to operate in multiple modes including a blind mode which occurs before the indication of convergence of the symbols of the input signal, and which facilitates the equalization circuit progressing towards convergence, and wherein the equalization circuit is further configured and arranged to provide equalization of the input signal in the frequency domain by using an overlap method in which data is sampled from a high-speed serial stream, carried at a rate of at least 1 Gigabit per second. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, further including circuitry, coupled to the equalization circuit and the processing circuit, configured and arranged to transform data from the frequency domain signal to a time domain, and wherein the noise-whitening filter and a noise predictor are further configured and arranged to process the signal responsive to the equalization circuit, in the time domain. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein the equalization circuit, the processing circuit and the sequencer circuit are configured and arranged to optimize ISI (intersymbol interference) cancellation. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, further including an overlap-resolve circuit, wherein the equalization circuit includes a sampler circuit configured and arranged to sample signals to facilitate an overlap method in which data is sampled from the input signal, and further includes a circuit configured and arranged to transform data from the a domain signal to the frequency domain for further signal processing by a feed-forward equalization circuit, and wherein the overlap-resolve circuit is configured and arranged to discard samples, in respond to oversampling carried out by the overlap method and, in response, to provide a resolved signal for processing by the noise-whitening filter. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein the equalization circuit is configured to operate on the input signal after the input signal is separated into a plurality of data channels, and wherein the equalization circuit includes a plurality of stages, each configured to operate on a respective one of the plurality of data channels. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, further including a serial-to-parallel conversion circuit configured to receive the input signal as a serial stream of data blocks and to convert and output the input signal into a plurality of data channels. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The circuit of claim 1, wherein the sequencer circuit is further configured and arranged to control ordering of convergence associated with the equalization circuit and the noise-whitening filter to facilitate proper convergence by the equalization circuit. ### Claim 13 A noise-filtering circuit for use with an equalization circuit that is designed to provide equalization on an input signal by converging on symbols of the input signal via operation in a frequency domain, the noise-filtering circuit comprising: a noise-whitening filter and a noise predictor, the noise-whitening filter and the noise predictor being configured and arranged to filter colored noise from a signal responsive to the equalization circuit; and a sequencer circuit configured and arranged to control operation of the noise-whitening filter by detecting an indication of convergence of the symbols of the input signal and, in response to the detection, generate a signal that causes the noise-whitening filter to commence suppression of colored noise from a signal corresponding to or derived from a signal output by the equalization circuit. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The circuit of claim 13, wherein the noise-filtering circuit includes a plurality of similarly-constructed circuits, each having one of the noise-whitening filter and the noise predictor configured and arranged to work in parallel. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The circuit of claim 13 wherein the noise-filtering circuit includes a plurality of similarly-constructed circuits, each having one of the noise-whitening filter and the noise predictor configured and arranged to work in parallel, and wherein the noise-filtering circuit provides data in a plurality of feedback pathways to the equalization circuit. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The circuit of claim 13, wherein the sequencer circuit is further configured and arranged to control ordering of convergence associated with the equalization circuit and the noise-whitening filter to facilitate proper convergence by the equalization circuit. ### Claim 17 A noise-filtering circuit for use with an equalization circuit that is designed to provide equalization on an input signal by converging on symbols of the input signal via operation in a frequency domain, the noise-filtering circuit comprising: a noise-whitening filter and a noise predictor, the noise-whitening filter and the noise predictor being configured and arranged to filter colored noise from a signal responsive to the equalization circuit; an activation-control circuit configured and arranged to effectively enable and disable colored-noise filtering performed by the noise-whitening filter; and a sequencer circuit configured and arranged to generate a control signal that enables colored-noise filtering performed by the noise-whitening filter in response to an indication of convergence of the symbols of the input signal and to disable colored-noise filtering performed by the noise-whitening filter for a period before the indication. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The circuit of claim 17, wherein the indication of convergence of the symbols of the input signal occurs commensurate with an approximation of progress toward actual convergence. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The circuit of claim 17, wherein the sequencer circuit is further configured and arranged to control ordering of convergence associated with the equalization circuit and the noise-whitening filter. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The circuit of claim 17, wherein the sequencer circuit is further configured and arranged to control ordering of convergence associated with the equalization circuit and the noise-whitening filter, and to enable the noise-whitening filter 120 at an appropriate time, relative to operation of the noise predictor, with the appropriate time facilitating proper convergence by the equalization circuit.