# US 10,374,836 B2 · Method and apparatus for downlink channel estimation in massive MIMO

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- Number: US 10,374,836 B2
- Document ID: US10374836B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/925,588
- Filed: 2015-10-28
- Published: 2017-05-04
- Granted: 2019-08-06
- Earliest claimed: 2015-10-28
- Assignees: Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd.
- Applicants: Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd.
- Inventors: Kien Trung Truong; Robert Wendell Heath, Jr.; Hosein Nikopour
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10374836B2

## CPC

- H04L 25/0202: {Channel estimation}
- H04B 7/0456: Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
- H04B 7/0619: {using feedback from receiving side (feedback signaling for adaptive modulation/coding H04L1/0001)}
- H04B 7/0626: {Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]}
- H04L 25/0204: {of multiple channels}
- H04L 25/0228: {with direct estimation from sounding signals}
- H04W 72/23: in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

Method and apparatus for downlink (DL) channel estimation in massive MIMO are provided. A base station (BS) support massive MIMO may select a dictionary for a user equipment (UE) in its cell and transmit information for constructing the dictionary to the UE. The UE constructs the dictionary based on the information received and performs compressed sensing (CS)-based DL channel estimation for the BS. The UE also sends feedback information to the BS, which include information that is useful for determination of the dictionary by the BS.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for wireless communications, comprising:
determining, by a base station, a first dictionary based on at least one of a channel quality indicator (CQI) and antenna array geometry;
transmitting, by the base station to a first user equipment (UE), information for constructing the first dictionary, the first dictionary being used for compressed sensing (CS)-based downlink (DL) channel estimation of a massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel between the base station and the first UE;
receiving, by the base station, feedback information from the first UE, the feedback information comprising information about a first sparsified DL channel vector used with the first dictionary for the CS-based DL channel estimation, and the first dictionary corresponding to a first representation of the massive MIMO channel;
determining, by the base station, a second dictionary based on the feedback information, the second dictionary corresponding to a second representation of the massive MIMO channel, the second dictionary being used with a second sparsified DL channel vector for the CS-based DL channel estimation,. and the second representation being sparser than the first representation such that a number of non-zero entries in the second representation is less than a number of non-zero entries in the first representation; and
transmitting, by the base station, information for constructing the second dictionary to the first UE, the second dictionary being used by the first UE to perform more accurate CS-based DL channel estimation of the massive MIMO channel.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, by the base station, information for constructing a third dictionary to a second UE, the third dictionary being different than the first dictionary.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the information for constructing the first dictionary comprises a mathematical description of the first dictionary.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the base station selects the first dictionary from a codebook of dictionaries for the first UE.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the information for constructing the first dictionary comprises a codebook index of the first dictionary.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the feedback information comprises information indicating a preferred dictionary of the first UE for CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the feedback information comprises information of performance of multiple dictionaries used in CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 8 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the feedback information comprises information indicating concatenation of multiple dictionaries for CS-based DL channel estimation, the multiple dictionaries being selected from the codebook of dictionaries.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the feedback information comprises information about a sparsified downlink channel vector calculated according to the first dictionary, the sparsified downlink channel vector being used for CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitted information for constructing the determined first dictionary comprises the CQI, the antenna array geometry, and at least one of a user location, path-loss, or scattering environment.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the feedback information comprises information about locations of non-zero entries of a sparsified DL vector, the sparsified DL vector being calculated according to the first dictionary, and the sparsified DL vector being used for CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first representation comprises a first channel vector, and the first UE calculates the first channel vector based on the first dictionary.

### Claim 13

A base station supporting massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), comprising:
a processor; and
a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming comprising instructions to:
determine a first dictionary based on at least one of a channel quality indicator (CQI) and antenna array geometry;
transmit information for constructing the first dictionary to a first user equipment (UE) for compressed sensing (CS)-based downlink (DL) channel estimation of a massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel between the base station and the first UE;
receive feedback information from the first UE, the feedback information comprising information about a first sparsified DL channel vector used with the first dictionary for the CS-based DL channel estimation, and the first dictionary corresponding to a first representation of the massive MIMO channel;
determine a second dictionary based on the feedback information, the second dictionary corresponding to a second representation of the massive MIMO channel, the second dictionary being used with a second sparsified DL channel vector for the CS-based DL channel estimation, and the second representation being sparser than the first representation such that a number of non-zero entries in the second representation is less than a number of non-zero entries in the first representation; and
transmit information for constructing the second dictionary to the first UE, the second dictionary being used by the first UE to perform more accurate CS-based DL channel estimation of the massive MIMO channel.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The base station of claim 13, wherein the programming comprises further instructions to:
transmit information for constructing a third dictionary to a second UE, the third. dictionary being different than the first dictionary.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The base station of claim 13, wherein the information for constructing the first dictionary comprises a mathematical description of the first dictionary.

### Claim 16 (depends on 13)

The base station of claim 13, wherein the first dictionary is selected from a codebook of dictionaries.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The base station of claim 16, wherein the information for constructing the first dictionary comprises a codebook index of the first dictionary.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The base station of claim 16, wherein the feedback information comprises information indicating a preferred dictionary of the first UE for CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The base station of claim 16, wherein the feedback information comprises information of performance of multiple dictionaries used in CS-based DL channel estimation by the first UE.

### Claim 20 (depends on 16)

The base station of claim 16, wherein the feedback information comprises information indicating concatenation of multiple dictionaries for CS-based DL channel estimation, the multiple dictionaries being selected from the codebook of dictionaries.

### Claim 21 (depends on 13)

The base station of claim 13, wherein the feedback information comprises information about a sparsified downlink channel vector calculated according to the first dictionary, the sparsified downlink channel vector being used for CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 22

A method, comprising:
receiving, by a user equipment, information for constructing a first dictionary used for compressed sensing (CS)-based downlink (DL) channel estimation of a base station, the first dictionary being determined by the base station based on at least one of a channel quality indicator (CQI) and antenna array geometry;
performing, by the user equipment, CS-based DL channel estimation of a massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO). channel between the base station and the user equipment using the first dictionary constructed from the information, the first dictionary corresponding to a first representation of the massive MIMO channel;
transmitting, by the user equipment, feedback information to the base station, the feedback information comprising information about a first sparsified DL channel vector used with the first dictionary for the CS-based DL channel estimation, the feedback information useful for determination of a second dictionary by the base station, the second dictionary being used with a second sparsified DL channel vector for the CS-based DL channel estimation, the second dictionary corresponding to a second representation of the massive MIMO channel, and the second representation being sparser than the first representation such that a number of non-zero entries in the second representation is less than a number of non-zero entries in the first representation;
receiving, by the user equipment, information for constructing the second dictionary; and
performing, by the user equipment, more accurate CS-based DL channel estimation of the massive MIMO channel using the second dictionary with the second sparsified DL channel vector.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The method of claim 22, wherein the information for constructing the first dictionary comprises a mathematical description of the first dictionary.

### Claim 24 (depends on 22)

The method of claim 22, wherein the information for constructing the first dictionary comprises a codebook index of the first dictionary, the first dictionary being selected from a codebook of dictionaries.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein the performing the CS-based DL channel estimation comprises performing the CS-based DL channel estimation using the first dictionary and at least one dictionary selected from the codebook of dictionaries, the at least one dictionary being different from the first dictionary.

### Claim 26 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein the feedback information comprises information of a preferred dictionary of the user equipment for performing the CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 27 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein the feedback information comprises information of performance of multiple dictionaries used in CS-based DL channel estimation by the user equipment.

### Claim 28 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein the feedback information comprises information indicating concatenation of multiple dictionaries for performing the CS-based DL channel estimation, the multiple dictionaries being selected from the codebook of dictionaries.

### Claim 29 (depends on 22)

The method of claim 22, wherein the feedback information comprises information about a sparsified downlink channel vector calculated according to the first dictionary, wherein the user equipment performs the CS-based DL channel estimation according to the sparsified downlink channel vector and the first dictionary.

### Claim 30

A user equipment, comprising:
a processor; and
a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming comprising instructions to:
receive information for constructing a first dictionary used for compressed sensing (CS)-based downlink (DL) channel estimation of a base station, the first dictionary being determined by the base station based on at least one of a channel quality indicator (CQI) and antenna array geometry;
perform CS-based DL channel estimation of a massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel between the base station and the user equipment using the first dictionary constructed from the information for constructing the first dictionary, the first dictionary corresponding to a first representation of the massive MIMO channel;
transmit feedback information, the feedback information comprising information about a first sparsified DL channel vector used with the first dictionary for the CS-based DL channel estimation, the feedback information useful for determination of a second dictionary by the base station, the second dictionary being used with a second sparsified DL channel vector for the CS-based DL channel estimation, the second dictionary corresponding to a second representation of the massive MIMO channel, and the second representation being sparser than the first representation such that a number of non-zero entries in the second representation is less than a number of non-zero entries in the first representation;
receive information for constructing the second dictionary; and
perform more accurate CS-based DL channel estimation of the massive MIMO channel using the second dictionary with the second sparsified DL channel vector.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The user equipment of claim 30, wherein the information for constructing the first dictionary comprises a mathematical description of the first dictionary.

### Claim 32 (depends on 30)

The user equipment of claim 30, wherein the information for constructing the first dictionary comprises a codebook index of the first dictionary, the first dictionary being selected from a codebook of dictionaries.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

The user equipment of claim 32, wherein the CS-based DL channel estimation is performed using the first dictionary and at least one dictionary selected from the codebook of dictionaries, the at least one dictionary being different from the first dictionary.

### Claim 34 (depends on 32)

The user equipment of claim 32, wherein the feedback information comprises information of a preferred dictionary of the user equipment for performing the CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 35 (depends on 32)

The user equipment of claim 32, wherein the feedback information comprises information of performance of multiple dictionaries used in CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 36 (depends on 32)

The user equipment of claim 32, wherein the feedback information comprises information indicating concatenation of multiple dictionaries for performing CS-based DL channel estimation, the multiple dictionaries being selected from the codebook of dictionaries.

### Claim 37 (depends on 30)

The user equipment of claim 30, wherein the feedback information comprises information about a sparsified downlink channel vector calculated according to the first dictionary, the sparsified downlink channel vector being used for CS-based DL channel estimation.

### Claim 38

A method for wireless communications, comprising:
determining, by a base station, candidate dictionaries based on at least one of a channel quality indicator (CQI) and antenna array geometry, the base station supporting massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO);
transmitting, by the base station to a first user equipment (UE), information for constructing the candidate dictionaries, the candidate dictionaries being used for compressed sensing (CS)-based downlink (DL) channel estimations; and
receiving, by the base station, feedback information from the first UE, the feedback information comprising information corresponding to a selected dictionary of the candidate dictionaries, the selected dictionary being selected by the first UE based on the CS-based DL channel estimations of a massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel between the base station and the first UE, and the selected dictionary corresponding to a representation of the massive MIMO channel, and the representation corresponding to the selected dictionary is the sparsest among representations of the massive MIMO channel corresponding to the candidate dictionaries such that a number of non-zero entries in the representation corresponding to the selected dictionary is the least, the selected dictionary being used with a sparsified DL channel vector for CS-based DL channel estimation.