# US 10,374,716 B2 · Digital optical modulator for programmable n-quadrature amplitude modulation generation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,374,716 B2 - Document ID: US10374716B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/389,069 - Filed: 2016-12-22 - Published: 2017-04-13 - Granted: 2019-08-06 - Earliest claimed: 2013-11-08 - Assignees: Futurewei Technologies, Inc. - Applicants: Futurewei Technologies, Inc. - Inventors: Xueyan Zheng; Dawei Zheng; Xiao Shen; Morgan Chen; Hongbing Lei - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10374716B2 ## CPC - H04B 10/40: Transceivers - H04B 10/2575: Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier - H04B 10/5161: {Combination of different modulation schemes} - H04B 10/541: {Digital intensity or amplitude modulation} - H04L 27/0008: {arrangements for allowing a transmitter or receiver to use more than one type of modulation (negotiating modulation type for two-way transmission paths H04L5/1453)} - H04L 27/3411: {reducing the peak to average power ratio or the mean power of the constellation; Arrangements for increasing the shape gain of a signal set} - H04L 27/36: Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits - H04L 27/361: {Modulation using a single or unspecified number of carriers, e.g. with separate stages of phase and amplitude modulation} - H04L 27/362: {Modulation using more than one carrier, e.g. with quadrature carriers, separately amplitude modulated (H04L27/366 takes precedence)} - H04L 27/365: {Modulation using digital generation of the modulated carrier (not including modulation of a digitally generated carrier)} - G02F 1/0327: {Operation of the cell; Circuit arrangements (G02F1/05 takes precedence)} - G02F 1/035: in an optical waveguide structure - H04B 10/556: Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK] - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS ## Abstract An optical transceiver comprising an optical signal input, a first modulation section coupled to the optical signal input, a second modulation section coupled to the optical signal input and positioned in serial with the first modulation section, wherein the first modulation section comprises a first digital electrical signal input, a first digital driver coupled to the first digital electrical signal input, and a first modulator coupled to the first digital driver, and wherein the second modulation section comprises a second digital electrical signal input, a second digital driver coupled to the second digital electrical signal input, and a second modulator coupled to the second digital driver, and an optical signal output coupled to the first modulation section and the second modulation section. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus comprising: an optical signal input; a plurality of digital drivers configured to receive a plurality of digital electrical signal inputs from a digital electrical signal processor; and a modulator coupled to the optical signal input and configured to generate a quadrature amplitude modulated signal, the modulator comprising: a first segment; and a second segment, the first segment and the second segment of the modulator each comprising a plurality of sections, each of the plurality of sections of the first segment and the second segment being coupled to one of the plurality of digital drivers, each of the plurality of sections of the first segment and the second segment of the modulator being configured to receive one of the plurality of digital electrical signal inputs from the digital electrical signal processor via the plurality of digital drivers without using a digital-to-analog converter, an electrical delay being applied to at least one of the plurality of digital electrical signal inputs received by at least one of the plurality of sections, the electrical delay corresponding to an optical delay present at the at least one of the plurality of sections. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of digital drivers comprises a logical inverter. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of digital drivers comprises a plurality of logical inverters arranged in parallel with each other. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the apparatus does not comprises a linear radio frequency (RF) driver positioned between the plurality of digital electrical signal inputs and the modulator. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising: an optical splitter positioned between the optical signal input and the modulator that splits the optical signal into an I component and a Q component; and an optical combiner positioned between the modulator and an optical signal output that combines the I component and the Q component. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first segment and the second segment of the modulator are coupled in parallel, and wherein a phase shifter is coupled between the second segment and an optical combiner. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the electrical delay is applied to the at least one of the plurality of digital electrical signal inputs before the at least one of the plurality of digital electrical signal inputs is received by at least one of the plurality of digital drivers. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus is part of an optical transceiver. ### Claim 9 An optical transceiver comprising: an optical signal input; a first modulation segment coupled to the optical signal input; a second modulation segment coupled to the optical signal input and positioned in parallel with the first modulation segment, the first modulation segment comprising: a first digital driver; and a first modulator section coupled to the first digital driver and configured to receive a first digital electrical signal input via the first digital driver, and the second modulation segment comprising: a second digital driver; and a second modulator section coupled to the second digital driver and configured to receive a second digital electrical signal input via the second digital driver; and the first modulation segment and the second modulation segment being configured to generate a quadrature amplitude modulated signal, and an electrical delay being applied the second digital electrical signal input received by the second modulator section, the electrical delay corresponding to an optical delay present at the second modulator section. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The optical transceiver of claim 9, wherein the first digital driver comprises a first digital logic inverter coupled to the first digital electrical signal input and the first modulation segment, and wherein the second digital driver comprises a second digital logic inverter coupled to the second digital electrical signal input and the second modulation segment. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The optical transceiver of claim 10, wherein the first digital electrical signal input is transmitted from a digital electrical signal processor to the first digital logic inverter without using a digital-to-analog converter, and wherein the second digital electrical signal input is transmitted from the digital electrical signal processor to the second digital logic inverter without using a digital-to-analog converter. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The optical transceiver of claim 10, wherein a linear radio frequency (RF) driver is not used as the first digital driver or the second digital driver. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The optical transceiver of claim 9, wherein the first modulation segment further comprises: a third digital electrical signal input; and a third digital driver coupled to the third digital electrical signal input and the first modulation segment, wherein the third digital driver comprises a plurality of digital logic inverters, and wherein the second modulation segment further comprises: a fourth digital electrical signal input; and a fourth digital driver coupled to the fourth digital electrical signal input and the second modulation segment, wherein the fourth digital driver comprises a plurality of digital logic inverters. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The optical transceiver of claim 9, wherein a bandwidth of the optical transceiver is limited by a bandwidth of each respective modulator driver section and not by an overall modulator value. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The optical transceiver of claim 9, wherein the optical signal input and each digital electrical signal input have a matched phase. ### Claim 16 (depends on 9) The optical transceiver of claim 9, wherein a phase shifter is coupled between the second modulation segment output and an optical signal output. ### Claim 17 (depends on 9) The optical transceiver of claim 9, wherein the first modulation segment and the second modulation segment comprise a segmented optical phase modulator. ### Claim 18 A method comprising: receiving, by a modulator comprising a first segment and a second segment, an optical signal, the first segment and the second segment of the modulator each comprising a plurality of sections, each of the plurality of sections of the first segment and the second segment being coupled to one of a plurality of digital drivers; applying, by the modulator, an electrical delay to at least one of a plurality of digital electrical signal inputs received by at least one of the plurality of sections from a digital electrical signal processor, the electrical delay corresponding to an optical delay present at the at least one of the plurality of sections; and modulating, by the plurality of sections of the first segment and the second segment, the optical signal using the plurality of digital electrical signal inputs to generate a quadrature amplitude modulated signal, wherein a digital electrical signal input is not converted to an analog signal prior to being used to modulate the optical signal. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein a speed of which the optical signal is modulated is limited by a bandwidth of the modulator. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the digital electrical signal and a digital logic inverter comprise a driver used to modulate the optical signal.