# US 10,374,425 B2 · Method and a device for balancing electric consumption

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- Number: US 10,374,425 B2
- Document ID: US10374425B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/937,404
- Filed: 2018-03-27
- Published: 2018-08-02
- Granted: 2019-08-06
- Earliest claimed: 2013-07-29
- Applicants: Roberto Quadrini
- Inventors: Roberto Quadrini
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10374425B2

## CPC

- H02J 3/0014: for preventing or reducing power oscillations in networks
- G05B 13/041: {in which a variable is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance}
- H02J 3/00: Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J 13/182: the equipment comprising loads connected to the power network
- H02J 2103/30: Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
- Y02B 70/3225: Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
- Y02E 60/00: Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y04S 20/222: Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
- Y04S 40/20: Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS

## Abstract

A method for balancing electric consumption generated by a plurality of electric loads includes: estimating an absorbed energy (Ek) by the loads in a predetermined time interval, and if a value of the estimation of absorbed energy by the loads is not within an interval defined by a minimum and a maximum consumption threshold, calculating a quantity of energy to be varied in accordance with a difference between the value of the estimation of the absorbed energy and an expected value of energy, determining a strategy comprising at least an action to be carried out to vary the energy supplied to the single loads, with an aim of reducing the difference between the estimated absorbed energy and the expected value thereof, actuating a scheduling of electric consumption in accordance with a determined strategy.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for balancing electric consumption generated by a plurality of electric loads, the method comprising following steps:
estimating an absorbed energy (Ek) by the loads in a predetermined time interval, and
if a value of the estimation of absorbed energy (Ek) by the loads is not within an interval defined by a minimum (THRk,min) and a maximum (THRk,max) consumption threshold,
calculating a quantity of energy to be varied in accordance with a difference (Δh) between the value of the estimation of the absorbed energy (Ek) and an expected value of energy (THRk,exp),
determining a strategy comprising at least an action (Vri) to be carried out to vary the energy supplied to the single loads, in order to reduce the difference (Δh) between the estimated absorbed energy (Ek) and the expected value (THRk,exp) thereof, and
actuating a scheduling of electric consumption in accordance with a determined strategy,
wherein the step of determining the variation strategy of the energy supplied to the loads comprises a step of determining available variations (Vri) of energy which can be supplied to the loads, and
wherein the variations (Vri) of the energy supplied to the loads are made by selecting the loads to be varied so as to minimize an impact on the perceived comfort based on a following criterion:
min
⁢
∑
i
=
0
N
⁢
X
i
*
Priority
⁡
[
Vr
i
]
where Xi is a binary line vector [1,N] identifying whether a variation is used, Priority [Vri] is an index proportional to the impact the i-th variation Vri has on the perceived comfort and N denotes the number of available actions.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the available variations (Vri) of energy which can be supplied to the loads are ordered in a decreasing order with respect to the absolute value of variation and in an increasing order in accordance with an impact that the variations (Vri) have on perceived comfort.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the variations (Vri,j) selected internally of each temporal interval j, satisfy following constraints:

∑
i
=
0
N
⁢
X
i
*
Vr
i
,
j

≤

Δ
h

and
Δ
h
+
∑
i
=
0
N
⁢
X
i
*
Vr
i
,
j
≤
margin
h
where Δh indicates the difference between the estimated absorbed energy (Ek) and the expected value thereof (THRk,exp) and marginh indicates the maximum acceptable discrepancy between the effects of the strategy and the energy to be recuperated or consumed.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a verification step is included of the effects of a scheduling of electric consumption and, in a case where the verification has a negative outcome,
a step of determining a new energy variation strategy of the energy supplied to the single loads.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the verification step of the effects of a scheduling of electric consumption comprises calculating a difference between the effects of the scheduling in action and a theoretical forecast of the effects, where the verification has a negative outcome if the difference is greater than a margin of tolerance.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a step of estimating the absorbed energy (EID,k) by each single load is included, and if the value of the estimation of the absorbed energy (EID,k) from each single load is not within a range defined by a minimum threshold (LoadTHRID,k,min) and a maximum threshold (LoadTHRID,k,max) of consumption for each load, a step is included of determining a strategy comprising at least an action to be performed so as to vary the energy supplied to the single load which does not respect the minimum threshold (LoadTHRID,k,min) or maximum threshold (LoadTHRID,k,max) of consumption.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

A non-transitory computer readable medium for carrying out the method of claim 1.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

A control apparatus comprising a control unit, a memory and the non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 7 stored in the memory.

### Claim 9

A device for balancing electric consumption generated by a plurality of electric loads, the device comprising:
means for estimating an absorbed energy (Ek) by the loads in a predetermined time interval,
means for comparing the absorbed energy (Ek) by the loads with a minimum threshold (THRk,min) and a maximum load (THRk,max) of consumption,
means for calculating a quantity of energy to be varied in accordance with a difference (Δh) between the value of the estimation of the absorbed energy (Ek) and an expected value of energy (THRk,exp),
means for determining a strategy comprising at least an action (Vri) to be carried out to vary the energy supplied to the single loads, with an aim of reducing the difference (Δh) between the estimated absorbed energy (Ek) and the expected value (THRk,exp) thereof, and
means for actuating a scheduling of electric consumption in accordance with a determined strategy, wherein the means for determining the variation strategy of the energy supplied to the loads are configured to determine available variations (Vri) of energy which can be supplied to the loads, and
wherein the variations (Vri) of the energy supplied to the loads are made by selecting the loads to be varied so as to minimize an impact on the perceived comfort based on a following criterion:
min
⁢
∑
i
=
0
N
⁢
X
i
*
Priority
⁡
[
Vr
i
]
where Xi is a binary line vector [1,N] identifying whether a variation is used, Priority [Vri] is an index proportional to the impact the i-th variation Vri has on the perceived comfort and N denotes the number of available actions.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein the device comprises a power sub-system (45) able to operate on the distribution of the energy to the electric loads located downstream of a distribution point of the electric energy.