# US 10,374,262 B2 · Protective cathode coatings for lithium-ion batteries

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- Number: US 10,374,262 B2
- Document ID: US10374262B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/427,295
- Filed: 2017-02-08
- Published: 2017-08-10
- Granted: 2019-08-06
- Earliest claimed: 2016-02-08
- Assignees: Northwestern University
- Applicants: Northwestern University
- Inventors: Muratahan Aykol; Soo Kim; Shiqiang Hao; Zhi Lu; Vinay Ishwar Hegde; David H. Snydacker; Scott J. Kirklin; Dane Morgan; Christopher M. Wolverton
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10374262B2

## CPC

- H01M 4/525: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
- H01M 4/131: Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M 4/366: {as layered products}
- H01M 4/505: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
- H01M 4/62: Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Cathode coatings for lithium ion batteries, cathodes coated with the coatings, and lithium ion batteries incorporating the coated cathodes are provided. The coatings, which are composed of binary, ternary, and higher order metal oxides and/or metalloid oxides, can reduce the hydrofluoric acid (HF)-induced degradation of the electrolyte and/or cathodes, thereby improving the performance of lithium ion batteries, relative to lithium ion batteries that employ bare cathodes.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A coated cathode comprising:
an active cathode material for a lithium ion battery; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a borate selected from TaBO4, NbBO4, Ca5(BO3)3F, Mg3(BO3)2, and CaAlBO4.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 1 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The coated cathode of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises TaBO4.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The coated cathode of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises NbBO4.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The coated cathode of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises Ca5(BO3)3F.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The coated cathode of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises Mg3(BO3)2.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The coated cathode of claim 1, wherein the coating comprises CaAlBO4.

### Claim 8

A coated cathode comprising:
an active cathode material for a lithium ion battery; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a phosphate selected from Mn2PO4F and CaSn4(PO4)6.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 8 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The coated cathode of claim 8, wherein the coating comprises Mn2PO4F.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The coated cathode of claim 8, wherein the coating comprises CaSn4(PO4)6.

### Claim 12

A coated cathode comprising:
an active cathode material for a lithium ion battery; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a silicate selected from Li2MgSiO4, CaMgSiO4, and CaMgSi2O6.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 12 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The coated cathode of claim 12, wherein the coating comprises Li2MgSiO4.

### Claim 15 (depends on 12)

The coated cathode of claim 12, wherein the coating comprises CaMgSiO4.

### Claim 16 (depends on 12)

The coated cathode of claim 12, wherein the coating comprises CaMgSi2O6.

### Claim 17

A coated cathode comprising:
an active cathode material for a lithium ion battery; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a metal oxide selected from LiAl5O8 and BaSO4.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 17 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The coated cathode of claim 17, wherein the coating comprises LiAl5O8.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The coated cathode of claim 17, wherein the coating comprises BaSO4.

### Claim 21

A coated cathode comprising:
a cathode comprising LiCoO2; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a metal oxide selected from Li2CaSiO4, Li4H3BrO3, and Li4H3ClO3.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 21 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

### Claim 23 (depends on 21)

The coated cathode of claim 21, wherein the coating comprises Li2CaSiO4.

### Claim 24 (depends on 21)

The coated cathode of claim 21, wherein the coating comprises Li4H3BrO3.

### Claim 25 (depends on 21)

The coated cathode of claim 21, wherein the coating comprises Li4H3ClO3.

### Claim 26

A coated cathode comprising:
a cathode comprising LiMn2O4; and
a coating on at least a portion of the active cathode material, wherein the coating comprises a metal oxide selected from Li2TiSiO5, Ca2Mn3O8, Ba2TiSi2O8, and Ba2Ti4Fe2O14.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
the coated cathode of claim 26 in electrical communication with the anode;
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the coated cathode; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.

### Claim 28 (depends on 26)

The coated cathode of claim 26, wherein the coating comprises Li2TiSiO5.

### Claim 29 (depends on 26)

The coated cathode of claim 26, wherein the coating comprises Ca2Mn3O8.

### Claim 30 (depends on 26)

The coated cathode of claim 26, wherein the coating comprises Ba2TiSi2O8.

### Claim 31 (depends on 26)

The coated cathode of claim 26, wherein the coating comprises Ba2Ti4Fe2O14.