# US 10,374,198 B2 · Electronic devices with organic nanoparticles

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- Number: US 10,374,198 B2
- Document ID: US10374198B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/038,658
- Filed: 2014-11-25
- Published: 2016-10-13
- Granted: 2019-08-06
- Earliest claimed: 2013-11-25
- Assignees: Georgetown University
- Applicants: Georgetown University
- Inventors: Edward Van Keuren; George Burton
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10374198B2

## CPC

- H10K 10/488: {the channel region comprising a layer of composite material having interpenetrating or embedded materials, e.g. a mixture of donor and acceptor moieties, that form a bulk heterojunction}
- H10K 50/11: characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K 50/30: Organic light-emitting transistors
- H10K 71/12: using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
- H10K 71/30: Doping active layers, e.g. electron transporting layers
- H10K 71/40: Thermal treatment, e.g. annealing in the presence of a solvent vapour
- H10K 85/60: Organic compounds having low molecular weight (H10K85/10 - H10K85/50 take precedence)
- H10K 85/611: {Charge transfer complexes}
- H10K 85/615: {Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene}
- H10K 85/622: {containing four rings, e.g. pyrene}
- H10K 85/623: {containing five rings, e.g. pentacene}
- H10K 85/655: {comprising only sulfur as heteroatom}
- H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES

## Abstract

An organic field effect transistor includes a semiconductor substrate having an insulating layer and a source electrode and a drain electrode located on the insulating layer, where the source electrode and drain electrode are spaced apart and define a channel region. The organic field effect transistor also includes an organic semiconductor located in the channel region.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of making an organic field effect transistor, comprising:
mixing a first solvent solution containing perylene with a second solvent solution containing tetracyanoquinodimethane to obtain perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles, the mixing being performed in a third non-solvent solution in which neither perylene nor tetracyanoquinodimethane are soluble, resulting in a fourth solution;
lyophilizing the fourth solution to remove the fourth solution from the perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles;
catching perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles ejected during lyophilization of the fourth solution with a covering, the covering comprising a first film layer comprising holes and a second film layer to catch nanoparticles ejected during outgas sing of the nanoparticles;
providing a semiconductor substrate having an insulating layer thereon;
depositing a source electrode and a drain electrode onto the insulating layer such that the source electrode and the drain electrode define a channel region therebetween; and
depositing an organic semiconductor layer in the channel region by spin coating a mixture comprising a liquid polymer and an organic semiconductor onto the semiconductor substrate, the organic semiconductor comprising an organic charge transfer complex including multicomponent organic nanoparticles, the multicomponent organic nanoparticles comprising perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles obtained in the lyophilizing step; and
drying the spin-coated mixture to form a film comprising perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles embedded in a polymer matrix.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the multicomponent organic nanoparticles further comprise nanoparticles including:
an electron donor compound selected from anthracene, tetracene and tetrathiafulvalene; and
an electron acceptor compound selected from tetracyanoquinodimethane and tetracyanoethylene.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the multicomponent organic nanoparticles have radii of from about 30 nm to about 1000 nm.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the multicomponent organic nanoparticles have radii of from about 90 nm to about 150 nm.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein depositing the organic semiconductor layer in the channel region further comprises spin coating the liquid polymer and perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles mixture on the semiconductor substrate such that the mixture at least partially coats the source electrode and the drain electrode.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising after mixing the first solvent solution with the second solvent solution and the third non-solvent solution, freezing the resulting fourth solution to stop growth of the perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein:
the perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles and the fourth solution are contained in a container; and
catching the perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles further comprises covering the container with the covering.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein:
the first solvent solution comprises acetone;
the second solvent solution comprises acetone;
the third non-solvent solution comprises water; and
a ratio of the first and second acetone solvent solutions to the third non-solvent water solution is 1:9.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid polymer comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein a ratio of the mass of perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles to the mass of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1:1.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein:
the mixture further comprises water; and
for every 5 mL of water, the mixture comprises one gram of perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles and one gram of polyvinylpyrrolidone.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the film comprising the perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles embedded in the polymer matrix has a height of about 7500 Å.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising at least partially covering the semiconductor substrate with tape when depositing the liquid polymer and perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticle mixture.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the film comprising perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane nanoparticles embedded in a polymer matrix at least partially covers the source electrode and the drain electrode.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein depositing the source electrode and the drain electrode further comprises:
depositing a first metal layer of the source electrode and a first metal layer of the drain electrode on the insulating layer; and
depositing a second metal layer of the source electrode on the first metal layer of the source electrode, and a second metal layer of the drain electrode on the first metal layer of the drain electrode.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein:
the first metal layers of the source electrode and the drain electrode comprise chromium; and
the second metal layers of the source electrode and the drain electrode comprise gold.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein a ratio of the thickness of the second metal layer of the source electrode to the thickness of the first metal layer of the source electrode is about 30:1.