# US 10,373,275 B2 · System, method, and apparatus for settlement for participation in an electric power grid

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 10,373,275 B2
- Document ID: US10373275B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/223,738
- Filed: 2016-07-29
- Published: 2016-11-24
- Granted: 2019-08-06
- Earliest claimed: 2012-10-24
- Assignees: Causam Energy, Inc.
- Applicants: Causam Energy, Inc.
- Inventors: Joseph W. Forbes, Jr.
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10373275B2

## CPC

- G06Q 50/06: Energy or water supply
- B60L 53/63: in response to network capacity
- B60L 53/64: Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
- B60L 53/68: Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
- B60L 55/00: Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
- G05D 3/12: using feedback
- G05D 17/00: Control of torque; Control of mechanical power
- G06Q 10/00: Administration; Management
- G06Q 20/102: {Bill distribution or payments}
- G06Q 20/14: specially adapted for billing systems
- G06Q 20/145: {Payments according to the detected use or quantity}
- G06Q 30/0206: {Price or cost determination based on market factors}
- G06Q 30/0283: Price estimation or determination
- G06Q 30/04: Billing or invoicing
- G06Q 40/00: Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
- G06Q 40/04: Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
- G07F 15/008: {Rewarding for providing delivery of electricity to the network}
- H02J 3/008: Circuit arrangements for power supply or distribution technologies responsive to energy trading
- H02J 13/00: Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
- H02J 13/1337: {involving the use of Internet protocols}
- H02J 13/333: the equipment forming part of substations
- H04L 69/22: Parsing or analysis of headers
- H04L 69/325: in the network layer [OSI layer 3], e.g. X.25 (H04L69/16 takes precedence)
- B60L 53/305: {Communication interfaces}
- H02J 2103/30: Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
- Y02E 60/00: Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02P 80/10: Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P 90/845: Inventory and reporting systems for greenhouse gases [GHG]
- Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
- Y02T 90/12: Electric charging stations
- Y02T 90/14: Plug-in electric vehicles
- Y02T 90/16: Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T 90/167: Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
- Y04S 10/126: the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
- Y04S 30/14: Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
- Y04S 40/128: involving the use of Internet protocol
- Y04S 50/10: Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid
- Y04S 50/12: Billing, invoicing, buying or selling transactions or other related activities, e.g. cost or usage evaluation
- Y04S 50/14: Marketing, i.e. market research and analysis, surveying, promotions, advertising, buyer profiling, customer management or rewards
- G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- G05D: SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G07F: COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS (coin sorting G07D3/00; coin testing G07D5/00; {handling coins or paper currencies apart from payment activated apparatus G07D; payment architectures, schemes or protocols G06Q20/00})
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS

## Abstract

Systems, methods, and apparatus embodiments for electric power grid and network registration and management of physical and financial settlement for participation of active grid elements in supply and/or curtailment of power, wherein Internet Protocol (IP)-based messages including IP packets are generated by transforming raw data content into settlement grade content. Settlement is provided for grid elements that participate in the electric power grid following initial registration of each grid element with the system, preferably through network-based communication between the grid elements and a coordinator, either in coordination with or outside of an IP-based communications network router. Messaging related to settlement is managed through a network by a Coordinator using IP messaging for communication with the grid elements, with the energy management system (EMS), and with the utilities, market participants, and/or grid operators.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for market-based financial settlement of transactions within a power network, comprising:
a settlement processor operable to communicatively connect with at least one grid element in the power network;
wherein a settlement message is transmitted via Internet Protocol (IP)-based messaging from the at least one grid element to the settlement processor in real-time or within approximately 15 minutes after a participation of the at least one grid element in the power network;
wherein the settlement message comprises an IP packet including at least one kilowatt packet (KWP) unit based on the participation of the at least one grid element in the power network;
wherein the participation comprises supplying power to the power network, providing curtailment as supply, and consuming power from the power network;
wherein the participation of the at least one grid element provides reserves and/or grid stabilization for the power network;
wherein the settlement message further comprises revenue grade metrology data associated with the participation of the at least one grid element within the power network;
wherein the at least one KWP unit includes measured data transformed into settlement grade data for the market-based financial settlement and provides a quantifying market rate for monetization for any unit of kilowatts with respect to time.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the settlement processor is operable to transform the revenue grade metrology data into settlement grade data for the market-based financial settlement.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the settlement message further comprises at least one power supply value (PSV) unit.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The system of claim 3, wherein the settlement processor is operable to aggregate the at least one PSV unit to form a power trading block (PTB).

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the revenue grade data includes measured data that provide a higher rate for settlement compared with a projected, an estimated, or a Validation, Estimating and Editing (VEE) rate.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the settlement message is managed by a clearinghouse between market participants and utilities.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein at least one grid element has a home location identifier and a non-home location identifier, and wherein the electronic settlement message further comprises factors and attributes for grid element participation associated with the home location identifier and with the non-home location identifier.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one resource settlement point, wherein the at least one resource settlement point provides for the location of the market-based financial settlement of the at least one grid element for participation in the power network.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one resource settlement point functions as an attachment point for the at least one grid element.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one resource settlement point is dynamic.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one resource settlement point provides for grid element mobility for the market-based financial settlement at more than one location within the power network.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the settlement message further comprises a priority of delivery having at least one of priority flags, virtual private network, independent identifying addresses, and manufacturer specific identifying codes.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The system of claim 12, wherein the independent identifying addresses are selected from the group consisting of Electronic Serial Numbers (ESN), International Manufacturer Equipment Identifiers (IMEI), and Media Access Control (MAC) addresses.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one grid element is operable to provide operating reserves and/or grid stabilization for the power network.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one grid element acts as a master grid element, and wherein a multiplicity of grid elements aggregate through the at least one grid element, and wherein the at least one grid element represents participation of the multiplicity of grid elements for settlement purposes.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The system of claim 15, wherein the multiplicity of grid elements comprise at least one smart meter, wherein the at least one smart meter is operable to track and communicate data associated with at least one of a thermostat, a building control system, an HVAC system, and any other system that provides for controlling or indicating environmental conditions including humidity, temperature, lighting, and security.

### Claim 17

A system for market-based financial settlement of transactions within a power network, comprising:
at least one coordinator operable to communicate with at least one grid element in the power network;
wherein a settlement message is transmitted via Internet Protocol (IP)-based messaging from the at least one grid element to the at least one coordinator in real-time or within approximately 15 minutes after a participation of the at least one grid element in the power network;
wherein the settlement message comprises an IP packet including at least one kilowatt packet (KWP) unit based on the participation of the at least one grid element in the power network;
wherein the participation comprises supplying power to the power network, providing curtailment as supply, and consuming power from the power network;
wherein the participation of the at least one grid element provides reserves and/or grid stabilization for the power network;
wherein the settlement message further comprises revenue grade metrology data associated with the participation of the at least one grid element within the power network;
wherein the at least one KWP unit includes measured data transformed into settlement grade data for the market-based financial settlement and provides a quantifying market rate for monetization for any unit of kilowatts with respect to time.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the at least one coordinator is operable to transform the revenue grade metrology data into settlement grade data for the market-based financial settlement.

### Claim 19

A system for market-based financial settlement of transactions within a power network, comprising:
a settlement processor and at least one coordinator;
wherein the at least one coordinator is operable to communicate with at least one grid element in the power network via Internet Protocol (IP)-based messaging;
wherein a settlement message is transmitted from the at least one grid element to the settlement processor via the at least one coordinator in real-time or within approximately 15 minutes after a participation of the at least one grid element in the power network;
wherein the settlement message comprises an IP packet including at least one kilowatt packet (KWP) unit based on the participation of the at least one grid element in the power network;
wherein the participation comprises supplying power to the power network, providing curtailment as supply, and consuming power from the power network;
wherein the participation of the at least one grid element provides reserves and/or grid stabilization for the power network;
wherein the settlement message further comprises revenue grade metrology data associated with the participation of the at least one grid element within the power network;
wherein the at least one KWP unit includes measured data transformed into settlement grade data for the market-based financial settlement and provides a quantifying market rate for monetization for any unit of kilowatts with respect to time.