# US 10,372,341 B2 · Non-volatile storage device system with page based remapping > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,372,341 B2 - Document ID: US10372341B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/636,496 - Filed: 2017-06-28 - Published: 2019-01-03 - Granted: 2019-08-06 - Earliest claimed: 2017-06-28 - Assignees: Western Digital Technologies, Inc. - Applicants: Western Digital Technologies, Inc. - Inventors: Hadas Oshinsky; Rotem Sela; Amir Shaharabany - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10372341B2 ## CPC - G06F 3/061: {Improving I/O performance} - G06F 3/0608: {Saving storage space on storage systems} - G06F 3/064: {Management of blocks} - G06F 3/0659: {Command handling arrangements, e.g. command buffers, queues, command scheduling} - G06F 3/0679: {Non-volatile semiconductor memory device, e.g. flash memory, one time programmable memory [OTP]} - G06F 3/0688: {Non-volatile semiconductor memory arrays} - G06F 12/0246: {in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory} - G06F 2212/7201: Logical to physical mapping or translation of blocks or pages - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract A controller addresses portions of non-volatile memory via a memory interface using physical addresses and addresses portions of host data via the host interface using logical addresses. The controller maintains logical to physical mappings and physical to logical mappings for the logical addresses and the physical addresses. The controller is configured to move data from a source logical address to a destination logical address by updating logical to physical mappings and physical address to logical mappings without instructing the non-volatile memory to move the data between physical locations. In one embodiment, this process is used to implement a command to move or defragment data. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus, comprising: a local volatile memory; a memory structure comprising a plurality of non-volatile memory cells; and one or more control circuits in communication with the memory structure and the local volatile memory; in response to a command to move host data from a source logical address to a destination logical address the one or more control circuits are configured to update a logical to physical mapping, update a physical to logical mapping that is stored in the memory cells if the host data is stored in a closed block in the memory cells and update a physical to logical mapping that is stored in the local volatile memory if the host data is stored in an open block in the memory cells, without moving the host data between memory cells. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the one or more control circuits are configured to read an entry for the source logical address in the logical to physical mappings that identify a physical address in the memory structure storing host data associated with the source logical address; and the one or more control circuits are configured to update the logical to physical mappings by writing the physical address into an entry for the destination logical addresses in the logical to physical mappings and marking the entry for the source logical addresses in the logical to physical mappings as being invalid. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the one or more control circuits are configured to update the physical to logical mapping that is stored in the memory cells by appending the destination logical address to the physical to logical mappings stored in the non-volatile memory with an indication of which other logical address to replace without removing the other logical address. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the one or more control circuits are configured to update the physical to logical mapping that is stored in the memory cells by re-writing the physical to logical mapping that is stored in the memory cells to a new location in the memory cells. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the physical to logical mapping that is stored in the memory cells is part of a set of management tables stored in separate blocks from the host data. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the physical to logical mapping that is stored in the memory cells is stored on a different word line than the host data. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the one or more control circuits are configured to write first data to a first open block of the memory cells, the first data associated with a first logical address, the first open block associated with a first physical address; and the one or more control circuits are configured to write the first logical address to an entry for the first physical address in the physical to logical mapping that is stored in the local volatile memory. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the one or more control circuits are configured to write second data to the first open block, the second data associated with a second logical address, the first open block associated with a second physical address, the writing of the second data causes the first open block to become closed; and in response to the first open block becoming closed, the one or more control circuits are configured to program into the memory cells the physical to logical mapping structure that is stored in the local volatile memory. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the one or more control circuits are configured to program into the memory cells the physical to logical mapping structure that is stored in the local volatile memory multiple times while the first open block is still an open block. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the one or more control circuits comprise a controller that includes a host interface, a memory interface configured to communicate with the memory structure and one or more processors in communication with the host interface and the memory interface. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein: the controller is configured to address portions of the non-volatile memory via the memory interface using physical addresses, the controller is configured to address portions of host data via the host interface using logical addresses, the controller is configured to maintain logical to physical mappings and physical to logical mappings for the logical addresses and the physical addresses. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein: logical to physical mappings indicate translations from logical addresses in a logical address space to physical addresses of the memory cells, for entries in logical to physical mappings the logical addresses do not change while the physical addresses do change; and the physical to logical mapping indicates, for a given physical address, what logical address has its data stored in that physical address, for entries in the physical to logical mapping the physical addresses do not change while the logical addresses do change. ### Claim 13 A method of operating non-volatile memory, comprising: receiving one or more commands to move data from source logical addresses to destination logical addresses; reading entries for the source logical addresses in a set of one or more logical to physical mappings that identify physical addresses in the non-volatile memory that are storing data for the source logical addresses in response to the one or more commands; writing the physical addresses into entries for the destination logical addresses in the set of one or more logical to physical mappings; marking the entries for the source logical addresses in the set of one or more logical to physical mappings as being invalid; and updating entries for the physical addresses in physical to logical mappings to replace source logical addresses with destination logical addresses by updating physical to logical mappings in Controller RAM for open blocks and rewriting physical to logical mappings in the non-volatile memory for closed blocks; the writing the physical addresses, the marking the entries and the updating entries are performed without physically moving the data represented by the source logical addresses and the destination logical addresses. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein: the updating entries for the physical addresses in physical to logical mappings stored in the non-volatile memory comprises adding a destination logical address to the physical to logical mappings stored in the non-volatile memory with an indication of which source logical address to replace without removing the source logical address. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein: the updating entries for the physical addresses in physical to logical mappings stored in the non-volatile memory comprises re-writing the physical to logical mappings stored in the non-volatile memory with the destination logical addresses. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein: the physical to logical mappings stored in the non-volatile memory are stored in different physical blocks than the data. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, further comprising: writing first data to a first open block of the non-volatile memory, the first data associated with a first logical address, the first open block associated with a first physical address; and writing the first logical address to an entry for the first physical address in a first physical to logical mapping structure in RAM. ### Claim 18 A method of operating a non-volatile memory system comprising a controller, RAM connected to the controller and non-volatile memory connected to the controller, the RAM is volatile memory, comprising: receiving first data and a command to write the first data to a first logical address; writing a first physical address to an entry for the first logical address in a logical to physical mapping structure; writing the first data to the first physical address of a first open block of the non-volatile memory; writing the first logical address to an entry for the first physical address in a physical to logical mapping structure stored in RAM; receiving second data and a command to write the second data to a second logical address; writing a second physical address to an entry for the second logical address in the logical to physical mapping structure; writing the second data to the first open block at the second physical address, the writing of the second data causes the first open block to become closed; writing the second logical address to an entry for the second physical address in the first physical to logical mapping structure; in response to the first open block becoming closed, writing the first physical to logical mapping structure to the non-volatile memory; receiving a command to move the second data from the second logical address to a third logical address; and moving the second data from the second logical address to the third logical address without moving the second data between memory cells by updating the logical to physical mapping and updating the physical to logical mapping. ### Claim 19 An apparatus, comprising: a local volatile memory; a host interface configured to communicate with a host; a memory interface configured to communicate with non-volatile memory; and one or more processors in communication with the local volatile memory as well as the host interface and the memory interface, the one or more processors configured to address portions of the non-volatile memory via the memory interface using physical addresses, the one or more processors configured to address portions of host data via the host interface using logical addresses, the one or more processors configured to maintain logical to physical mappings and physical to logical mappings for the logical addresses and the physical addresses, the one or more processors configured to move data from a first logical address to a second logical address by updating logical to physical mappings and physical to logical mappings without instructing the non-volatile memory to move the data between physical locations, the one or more processors are configured to update physical to logical mappings by updating entries in physical to logical mappings stored in the local volatile memory for open blocks of the non-volatile memory and updating entries in physical to logical mappings stored in the non-volatile memory via the memory interface for closed blocks of the non-volatile memory.