# US 10,371,830 B2 · Radiation detector for combined detection of low-energy radiation quanta and high-energy radiation quanta

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- Number: US 10,371,830 B2
- Document ID: US10371830B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/763,489
- Filed: 2016-10-14
- Published: 2018-09-27
- Granted: 2019-08-06
- Earliest claimed: 2015-10-21
- Assignees: Koninklijke Philips N.V.
- Applicants: Koninklijke Philips N.V.
- Inventors: Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Jacobs; Jorrit Jorritsma; Heidrun Steinhauser; Onno Jan Wimmers; Peter Lex Alving; Herman Stegehuis; Herfried Karl Wieczorek
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10371830B2

## CPC

- G01T 1/20181: {Stacked detectors, e.g. for measuring energy and positional information (using a combination of different types of scintillation detectors, e.g. phoswich detectors, G01T1/2008)}
- G01T 1/1611: {using both transmission and emission sources sequentially (SPECT imaging G01T1/1642; PET imaging G01T1/2985; detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects G01V5/20)}
- G01T 1/1642: {using a scintillation crystal and position sensing photodetector arrays, e.g. ANGER cameras}
- G01T 1/20185: {Coupling means between the photodiode and the scintillator, e.g. optical couplings using adhesives with wavelength-shifting fibres}
- G01T 1/20186: {Position of the photodiode with respect to the incoming radiation, e.g. in the front of, below or sideways the scintillator}
- G01T 1/20189: {Damping or insulation against damage, e.g. caused by heat or pressure}
- G01T 1/2023: {Selection of materials}
- G01T: MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION (radiation analysis of materials, mass spectrometry G01N23/00; tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles H01J47/00)

## Abstract

A radiation detector for combined detection of low-energy radiation quanta and high-energy radiation quanta has a multi-layered structure. A rear scintillator layer (5) is configured to emit a burst of scintillation photons responsive to a high-energy radiation quantum being absorbed by the rear scintillator layer (5). A rear photosensor layer (6) attached to a back side of the rear scintillator layer (5) is configured to detect scintillation photons generated in the rear scintillator layer (5). A front scintillator layer (3) arranged in front of the rear scintillator layer (5) opposite the rear photosensor layer (6) is configured to emit a burst of scintillation photons responsive to a low-energy radiation quantumbeing absorbed by the front scintillator layer (3). A front photosensor layer (2) attached to a front side of the front scintillator layer (3) opposite the rear scintillator layer (5) is configured to detect scintillation photons generated in the front scintillator layer (3). The high-energy radiation quantum is a gamma ray and the low-energy radiation quantum is an X-ray.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A radiation detector for combined concurrent detection of low-energy radiation quanta and high-energy radiation quanta, the radiation detector having a multi-layered structure, comprising:
a rear scintillator layer configured to emit a burst of scintillation photons responsive to a high-energy radiation quantum being absorbed by the rear scintillator layer;
a rear photosensor layer attached to a back side of the rear scintillator layer, said rear photosensor layer including a two-dimensional array of pixels having a rear photosensor layer pixel pitch in each of the two dimensions configured to detect scintillation photons generated in the rear scintillator layer;
a front scintillator layer arranged in front of the rear scintillator layer opposite the rear photosensor layer, said front scintillator layer configured to emit a burst of scintillation photons responsive to a low-energy radiation quantum being absorbed by the front scintillator layer; and
a front photosensor layer attached to a front side of the front scintillator layer opposite the rear scintillator layer, said front photosensor layer including a two-dimensional array of pixels having a front photosensor layer pixel pitch in each of the two dimensions configured to detect scintillation photons generated in the front scintillator layer;
wherein the high-energy radiation quanta pass through the front scintillation layer and the front photosensor layer before being absorbed by the rear scintillation layer;
wherein the high-energy radiation quanta are gamma rays and the low-energy radiation quanta are X-rays; and
wherein the rear photosensor layer pixel pitch is unequal to the front photosensor layer pixel pitch.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The radiation detector according to claim 1 wherein the X-ray has an energy in the range 20 keV to 120 keV, and the gamma ray has an energy in the range 120 keV to 2 MeV.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The radiation detector according to claim 1, wherein the front photosensor layer is arranged at an irradiation side of the radiation detector, wherein the irradiation side of the radiation detector is configured to receive low-energy radiation quanta and/or high-energy radiation quanta.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The radiation detector according to claim 1, wherein the rear scintillator layer comprises at least one material selected from the group: sodium iodide, gadolinium oxyorthosilicate, lutetium gadolinium oxyorthosilicate, lutetium oxyorthosilicate, lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate, lutetium pyrosilicate, bismuth germinate, lanthanium bromide and/or the front scintillator layer comprises at least one material selected from the group: cesium iodide, gadolinium oxysulfide, calcium tungstate, cadmium tungstate.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The radiation detector according to claim 1, wherein the rear scintillator layer and the front scintillator layer comprise the same material.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The radiation detector according to claim 1, wherein the rear scintillator layer and/or the front scintillator layer comprise a monolithic scintillator.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The radiation detector according to claim 1, wherein the rear scintillator layer and/or the front scintillator layer comprise a pixelated scintillator.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The radiation detector according to claim 1, further comprising an optical decoupling layer interposed between the rear scintillator layer and the front scintillator layer.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The radiation detector according to claim 8, wherein the optical decoupling layer is configured to be transparent to the high-energy radiation quanta.

### Claim 10

A radiation detector for combined detection of lower energy X-radiation and higher energy gamma radiation, the radiation detector having a multi-layered structure, comprising:
a front scintillator layer configured to emit a burst of scintillation photons responsive to an X-radiation quantum being absorbed by the front scintillator layer;
a front photosensor layer attached to a front side of the front scintillator layer, said front photosensor layer configured to detect scintillation photons generated in the front scintillator layer;
a rear scintillator layer arranged in back of the front scintillation layer and configured to emit a burst of scintillation photons responsive to a gamma radiation quantum passing through the front scintillation layer and being absorbed by the rear scintillator layer;
a rear photosensor layer coupled to a back side of the rear scintillator layer opposite to the front scintillation layer, said rear photosensor layer configured to detect scintillation photons generated in the rear scintillator layer; and
an optical decoupling layer disposed between the front scintillator layer and the rear scintillator layer, the optical decoupling layer being integrally formed with the rear scintillator layer or the front scintillator layer.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein the front photosensor layer and/or the rear photosensor layer comprise a foil substrate.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The radiation detector according to claim 1, wherein the rear photosensor layer comprises a photomultiplier, an avalanche photodiode or a silicon photomultiplier and/or the front photosensor layer comprises a thin-film-transistor detector, a CMOS active pixel sensor or a silicon photomultiplier.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein the rear photosensor layer is attached to a back side of the rear scintillator layer via a light guide layer and/or the front photosensor layer is attached to a front side of the front scintillator layer via a light guide layer.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The radiation detector according to claim 13, wherein the radiation detector further comprises a collimator layer for collimating low-energy radiation quanta and high-energy radiation quanta, wherein the collimating layer is arranged in front of the front photosensor layer opposite the front scintillator layer.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The radiation detector according to claim 14 wherein the collimator layer comprises a two-dimensional array of apertures that extend in mutually orthogonal directions.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

An imaging system, comprising an X-ray source and a radiation detector according to claim 1.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The imaging system according to claim 16, wherein the radiation detector is arranged such that the front photosensor layer is between the X-ray source and the front scintillator layer.

### Claim 18 (depends on 10)

The radiation detector according to claim 10, wherein the rear photosensor layer comprises a two-dimensional array of pixels having a rear photosensor layer pixel pitch in each of the two dimensions, and wherein the front photosensor layer comprises a two-dimensional array of pixels having a front photosensor layer pixel pitch in each of the two dimensions, and wherein the rear photosensor layer pixel pitch is unequal to the front photosensor layer pixel pitch.