# US 10,371,557 B2 · Equaliser for the intermediate frequency channel of an FMCW fill level sensor

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- Number: US 10,371,557 B2
- Document ID: US10371557B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/301,246
- Filed: 2014-04-02
- Published: 2017-01-19
- Granted: 2019-08-06
- Earliest claimed: 2014-04-02
- Assignees: VEGA Grieshaber KG
- Applicants: Vega Grieshaber KG
- Inventors: Michael Fischer; Roland Welle; Karl Griessbaum
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10371557B2

## CPC

- G01F 23/284: Electromagnetic waves
- G01S 7/354: {Extracting wanted echo-signals (Doppler systems G01S13/50)}
- G01S 13/34: using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
- G01S 13/88: Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications (electromagnetic prospecting or detecting of objects, e.g. near-field detection, G01V3/00)
- G01F: MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES

## Abstract

A FMCW fill level sensor comprising an equalizer that equalizes the intermediate frequency signal digitalized by an analog-digital converter. Equalizing is carried out, for example, in the form of convoluting the digitalized intermediate frequency signal by an equalizing function in the time domain. It is also possible to equalize the digitalized intermediate frequency signal by multiplying the signal by an equalizing function in the form of a transfer function G(ωk) to form the discrete frequency in the frequency domain. A digital filter can also be used. This can increase the accuracy with which the fill level is determined.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) fill level sensor comprising:
an FMCW module configured to convert a measurement signal from the FMCW fill level sensor into an intermediate frequency signal; and
an intermediate frequency channel configured to generate an echo curve from the intermediate frequency signal,
wherein the intermediate frequency channel comprises:
an analogue-digital converter configured to digitalise the intermediate frequency signal, and
an equaliser configured to equalise the intermediate frequency signal digitalised by the analogue-digital converter, and
wherein the equaliser is configured to
(a) convolute the digitalised intermediate frequency signal by an equalising function in the form of a time function g(nT), or
(b) multiply the digitalised intermediate frequency signal by an equalising function in the form of a transfer function G(ωk) at discrete frequencies, or
(c) perform as a filter having a finite or infinite impulse response (FIR/IIR filter) configured to filter the digitalised intermediate frequency signal, or
(d) multiply the digitalised intermediate frequency signal by an equalising function in the form of the magnitude of the transfer function G(ωk) at discrete frequencies,
wherein the intermediate frequency channel further comprises a window module, which is disposed downstream of the equalizer, and is configured to window the intermediate frequency signal obtained by convolution, multiplication or filtration by the FIR/IIR filter.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The FMCW fill level sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sensitivity frequency control filter (SFC filter),
wherein the SFC filter is disposed in the intermediate frequency channel and upstream of the equaliser, and
wherein the time function g(nT) is a transformation of the transfer function G(ωk) in a time domain, wherein G(ωk) is an inverse transfer function of the SFC filter H(ω).

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The FMCW fill level sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sensitivity frequency control filter (SFC filter),
wherein the SFC filter is disposed in the intermediate frequency channel and upstream of the equaliser, and
wherein the transfer function G(ωk) is the inverse transfer function of the SFC filter H(ω) at discrete frequencies ωk.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The FMCW fill level sensor according claim 1, wherein the intermediate frequency channel further comprises:
a DFT module which is disposed either upstream or downstream of the equaliser and is configured according to a discrete Fourier transformation of the intermediate frequency signal.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The FMCW fill level sensor according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate frequency channel further comprises:
an IDFT module which is disposed downstream of the equaliser and is configured according to an inverse, discrete Fourier transformation of the intermediate frequency signal.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The FMCW fill level sensor according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate frequency channel further comprises:
a magnitude spectrum formation module which is disposed upstream of the equaliser.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The FMCW fill level sensor according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate frequency channel further comprises:
a DFT module which is disposed either upstream or downstream of the equaliser and is configured according to a discrete Fourier transformation of the intermediate frequency signal or an IDFT module which is disposed downstream of the equaliser and is configured according to an inverse, discrete Fourier transformation of the intermediate frequency signal, and
a magnitude spectrum formation module which is disposed upstream of the equaliser.

### Claim 8

A method of equalising an intermediate frequency signal of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) fill level sensor, comprising:
converting a measurement signal from the FMCW fill level sensor into an intermediate frequency signal;
digitalising the intermediate frequency signal;
equalising, with an equaliser, the digitalised intermediate frequency signal; and
generating an echo curve from the intermediate frequency signal,
wherein the equalising is carried out by
(a) convoluting the digitalised intermediate frequency signal by means of an equalising function in the form of a time function g(nT), or
(b) multiplying the digitalised intermediate frequency signal by an equalising function in the form of a transfer function G(ωk) at discrete frequencies, or
(c) filtering the digitalised intermediate frequency signal by means of a filter having a finite or infinite impulse response (FIR/IIR filter), or
(d) multiplying the digitalised intermediate frequency signal by means of an equalising function in the form of the magnitude of the transfer function G(ωk) at discrete frequencies; and
windowing the intermediate frequency signal obtained by convolution, multiplication or filtration by the FIR/IIR filter.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
applying discrete Fourier transformation to the intermediate frequency signal prior to or after the equalising.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
applying inverse discrete Fourier transformation to the intermediate frequency signal following the equalising.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
forming a magnitude spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal in the frequency domain and prior to the equalising.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
applying discrete Fourier transformation to the intermediate frequency signal prior to or after the equalising, or applying inverse discrete Fourier transformation to the intermediate frequency signal following the equalising; and
forming a magnitude spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal in the frequency domain and prior to the equalising.