# US 10,371,425 B2 · Compositions comprising 1,1-difluoroethene (R-1132A) > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,371,425 B2 - Document ID: US10371425B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/787,508 - Filed: 2017-10-18 - Published: 2018-02-08 - Granted: 2019-08-06 - Earliest claimed: 2013-07-30 - Assignees: Mexichem Fluor S.A. De C.V. - Applicants: Mexichem Fluor S.A. de C.V. - Inventors: Robert E. Low; Andrew P. Sharratt - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10371425B2 ## CPC - F25B 45/00: Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant - B01D 11/0288: {Applications, solvents} - B01D 11/0492: {Applications, solvents used} - C09K 3/30: for aerosols (aerosol containers B65D83/14) - C09K 5/045: {containing only fluorine as halogen} - C11D 7/04: Water-soluble compounds - C11D 7/50: Solvents - C11D 7/505: {Mixtures of (hydro)fluorocarbons} - C11D 7/5072: {Mixtures of only hydrocarbons} - F01K 5/02: used in regenerative installation - F25B 7/00: Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit (F25B9/00 takes precedence) - C09K 2205/106: Carbon dioxide - C09K 2205/12: Hydrocarbons - C09K 2205/122: Halogenated hydrocarbons - C09K 2205/126: Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons - C09K 2205/128: Perfluorinated hydrocarbons (C09K2205/124, C09K2205/126 take precedence) - C09K 2205/22: All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds - C09K 2205/32: The mixture being azeotropic - C09K 2205/40: Replacement mixtures - F25B: REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS - B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28) - C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE - C11D: DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL - F01K: STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES (gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants F02; nuclear power plants, engine arrangements therein G21D) ## Abstract The invention provides a composition comprising 1,1-difluoroethene (R-1132a); a second component selected from the group consisting of hexafluoroethane (R-116), ethane (R-170) and mixtures thereof; and, optionally carbon dioxide (CO2, R-744). ## Claims ### Claim 1 A heat transfer composition comprising from 20 to 99% by weight 1,1-difluoroethene (R-1132a); from 1 to 80% by weight ethane (R-170); a lubricant selected from: mineral oil, silicone oil, polyalkyl benzenes (PABs), polyol esters (POEs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), polyalkylene glycol esters (PAG esters), polyvinyl ethers (PVEs), poly (alpha-olefins), and combinations thereof; and, optionally carbon dioxide (R-744). ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1, further comprising hexafluoroethane (R-116). ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of: 1 to 50% by weight ethane and from 50 to 99% by weight R-1132a; 1 to 25% by weight ethane and from 75 to 99% by weight R-1132a; R-1132a, ethane and up to 70% by weight CO2; 2 to 98% by weight of R-1132a, from 2 to 98% by weight of ethane, and from 2 to 60% by weight CO2; 4 to 96% by weight of R-1132a, from 4 to 96% by weight of ethane and from 4 to 50% by weight CO2; and R-1132a, ethane, and from 6 to 40% by weight CO2. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1, further comprising pentafluoroethane (R-125). ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a hydrocarbon, wherein the hydrocarbon is in addition to any ethane present in the composition. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is less flammable than R-1132a alone. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A composition according to claim 6, wherein the composition has: a. a higher flammable limit; b. a higher ignition energy; and/or c. a lower flame velocity compared to R-1132a alone. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1 that is non-flammable. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) A composition according to claim 8, wherein the composition is non-flammable at ambient temperature, said ambient temperature including at least 60° C. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1 that has a temperature glide in an evaporator or condenser of less than about 10K. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1 that has a critical temperature of greater than 0° C. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1 that has a volumetric refrigeration capacity of at least 90% of that of R-508B at comparable cycle conditions. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1 that has a compressor discharge temperature that is within 15K of that of R-508B at comparable cycle conditions. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a component selected from a stabiliser, a flame retardant, and any combination thereof. ### Claim 15 (depends on 5) A composition according to claim 5, wherein the stabiliser is selected from: diene-based compounds, phosphates, phenol compounds and epoxides, and any mixtures thereof. ### Claim 16 (depends on 5) A composition according to claim 5, wherein the flame retardant is selected from: tri-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate, (chloropropyl) phosphate, tri-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate, tri-(1,3-dichloropropyl)-phosphate, diammonium phosphate, various halogenated aromatic compounds, antimony oxide, aluminium trihydrate, polyvinyl chloride, a fluorinated iodocarbon, a fluorinated bromocarbon, trifluoro iodomethane, perfluoroalkyl amines, bromo-fluoroalkyl amines, and any mixtures thereof. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) A heat transfer device containing a composition as defined claim 1. ### Claim 18 (depends on 10) A heat transfer device according to claim 10, wherein the heat transfer device comprises a component selected from the group consisting of one or more of: a refrigeration device; an ultra-low temperature refrigeration system; and a cascade system. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) A method for cooling an article, comprising condensing a composition defined in claim 1 and thereafter evaporating the composition in a vicinity of the article to be cooled. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) A method for heating an article, comprising condensing a composition as defined in claim 1 in a vicinity of the article to be heated and thereafter evaporating the composition. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) A mechanical power generation device containing a composition as defined in claim 1. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) A mechanical power generating device according to claim 21 that is adapted to use a Rankine Cycle or modification thereof to generate work from heat. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) A method of retrofitting a heat transfer device, comprising the steps of removing an existing heat transfer composition, and introducing a composition as defined in claim 1. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) A method of claim 23, wherein the heat transfer device is a refrigeration device. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) A method according to claim 24 wherein the heat transfer device is an ultra-low temperature refrigeration system. ### Claim 26 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23 carried out on a product from a field selected from: air-conditioning, refrigeration and heat transfer. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) A method for reducing environmental impact arising from operation of a product comprising an existing compound or composition, the method comprising replacing at least partially the existing compound or composition with a composition as defined in claim 1. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method according to claim 27, wherein the product is selected from: a heat transfer device and a mechanical power generation device. ### Claim 29 (depends on 27) The method according to claim 27, wherein the existing compound or composition is a heat transfer composition. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The method according to claim 29, wherein the heat transfer composition is a refrigerant selected from R-508A, R-508B, R23 and R13B1. ### Claim 31 (depends on 1) A method for generating greenhouse gas emission credit, comprising (i) replacing an existing compound or composition with a composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition as defined in claim 1 has a lower GWP than the existing compound or composition; and (ii) obtaining greenhouse gas emission credit for said replacing step. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The method of claim 31, wherein the method results in a lower Total Equivalent Warming Impact, and/or a lower Life-Cycle Carbon Production than is attained by use of the existing compound or composition. ### Claim 33 (depends on 28) The method according to claim 28, wherein the product is a heat transfer device. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The method according to claim 33, wherein the product is an ultra-low temperature refrigeration system.