# US 10,370,972 B2 · Method for manufacturing a turbine wheel

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- Number: US 10,370,972 B2
- Document ID: US10370972B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/543,145
- Filed: 2016-01-12
- Published: 2018-10-04
- Granted: 2019-08-06
- Earliest claimed: 2015-01-16
- Assignees: Cummins Inc.
- Applicants: Cummins Ltd
- Inventors: Katie Rhodes; Sean Winwood
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10370972B2

## CPC

- F01D 5/048: {Form or construction}
- B22D 21/025: {Casting heavy metals with high melting point, i.e. 1000 - 1600 degrees C, e.g. Co 1490 degrees C, Ni 1450 degrees C, Mn 1240 degrees C, Cu 1083 degrees C}
- B22D 25/02: by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art {(cylinders, pistons B22D15/02)}
- B23P 15/006: {turbine wheels}
- B24C 1/10: for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening (for deforming sheet metal, tubes or profiles B21D31/06; as a metallurgical treatment C21D7/00, C22F1/00)
- C22C 1/023: {Alloys based on nickel}
- C22C 19/05: with chromium
- C22C 38/02: containing silicon
- C22C 38/04: containing manganese
- C22F 1/00: Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working (apparatus for mechanical working of metal B21, B23, B24)
- C22F 1/10: of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
- F02B 33/40: of non-positive-displacement type
- F02B 39/08: Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
- F04D 29/4206: {especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps}
- C21D 7/06: by shot-peening or the like
- C21D 2211/001: Austenite
- F05D 2220/40: in turbochargers
- F05D 2230/21: by casting
- F05D 2230/42: by hot isostatic pressing
- F05D 2230/90: Coating; Surface treatment
- F05D 2300/175: Superalloys
- F01D: NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive displacement pumps F04D)
- B22D: CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES (shaping of plastics or substances in a plastic state B29C; metallurgical processing, selection of substances to be added to metal C21, C22)
- B23P: METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS (arrangements for copying or controlling B23Q)
- B24C: ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- C22C: ALLOYS (treatment of alloys C21D, C22F)
- C22F: CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS (surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by this subclass, C23F17/00)
- F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G)
- F04D: NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS (engine fuel-injection pumps F02M; ion pumps H01J41/12; electrodynamic pumps H02K44/02)
- C21D: MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING (surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by this subclass C23F17/00; unidirectional solidification of eutectic materials or unidirectional demixing of eutectoid materials C30B)
- F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS

## Abstract

A method for manufacturing a turbine wheel comprising casting the turbine wheel from an austenitic nickel-chromium-based superalloy, subjecting the cast turbine wheel to hot isostatic pressing and then subjecting a surface of the hot isostatically pressed turbine wheel to plastic deformation, wherein said hot isostatic pressing is effected at a pressure of 98 to 200 MPa and a temperature of 1160 to 1220° C. for a time period of 225 to 300 minutes. There is further described a hot isostatically pressed cast turbine wheel manufactured from an austenitic nickel-chromium-based superalloy, the turbine wheel having a plastically deformed surface; and a turbocharger incorporating such a turbine wheel.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for manufacturing a turbine wheel comprising casting the turbine wheel from an austenitic nickel-chromium-based superalloy, subjecting the cast turbine wheel to hot isostatic pressing and then subjecting a surface of the hot isostatically pressed turbine wheel to plastic deformation, wherein said hot isostatic pressing is effected at a pressure of 98 to 200 MPa and a temperature of 1160 to 1220° C. for a time period of 225 to 300 minutes.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, wherein said hot isostatic pressing is effected at a pressure of 98 to 108 MPa.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, wherein said hot isostatic pressing is effected at a temperature of 1190 to 1210° C.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, wherein said hot isostatic pressing is effected for a time period of 225 to 255 minutes.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, wherein said turbine wheel is cooled to a temperature of around 18 to 25° C. after said hot isostatic pressing and before said plastic deformation.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

A method according to claim 5, wherein said turbine wheel is cooled at a rate of less than or equal to around 100° C. per minute after said hot isostatic pressing and before said plastic deformation.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

A method according to claim 5, wherein said turbine wheel is cooled at a rate of less than or equal to around 10° C. per minute after said hot isostatic pressing and before said plastic deformation.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

A method according to claim 1, wherein said plastic deformation is achieved using shot peening.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

A method according to claim 8, wherein said shot peening employs high carbon cast steel shot conforming to SAEJ827.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

A method according to claim 8, wherein said shot has a minimum size of S070 to S240 in accordance with SAEJ444.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

A method according to claim 8, wherein said shot has a minimum size of S110 in accordance with SAEJ444.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

A method according to claim 8, wherein said shot peening is effected at an intensity to achieve an Almen ‘A’ strip arc height of 0.127 to 0.305 mm measured in accordance with SAEJ442.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

A method according to claim 8, wherein said shot peening is effected at an intensity to achieve an Almen ‘A’ strip arc height of 0.127 to 0.203 mm measured in accordance with SAEJ442.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

A turbine wheel produced using the method of claim 1.