Device for regulating the passage of energy

An electrochemical device comprising a compound according to formula (I):

• where:
• X is S;
• Z1 is, independently of one another, a single bond, —CR3═CR3— or —C≡C—;
• or two, three, four or five Z1 groups combined with one another, are selected —CR3═CR3— and —C≡C—;
• Z2 is, independently of one another, a single bond, O, S, C(R3)2, —CR3═CR3— or —C≡C—;
• or two, three, four or five Z2 groups combined with one another, are selected from O, S, C(R3)2, —CR3═CR3— and —C≡C—;
• Ar1 is, independently of one another, an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R4;
• R1 is, independently of one another, a straight-chain or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 10 C atoms;
• R3, R4 are, independently of one another, H, D, F, Cl, CN, or an alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R5, where one or more CH2 groups in the alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups may each be replaced by —R5C═CR5—, —C≡C—, C═O, C═S, —C(═O)O—, —OC(═O)—, Si(R5)2, NR5, —O— or —S—;
• R5 is, independently of one another, H, D, F, Cl, CN, N(R6)2, an alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms, where the above-mentioned groups are in each case unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R6 and where one or more CH2 groups in the above-mentioned groups may each be replaced by —R6C═CR6—, —C≡C—, C═O, C═S, —C(═O)O—, —O(C═O)—, Si(R6)2, NR6, —O— or —S—, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which in each case is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R6;
• R6 is, independently of one another, H, F or an aliphatic organic radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms each be replaced by F;
• and
• i is, independently of one another, equal to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

A window, organic solar cell, or organic electronic component comprising a liquid-crystalline mixture comprising at least one compound according to formula (I):

• where:
• X is S;
• Z1 is, independently of one another, a single bond, —CR3═CR3— or —C≡C—;
• or two, three, four or five Z1 groups combined with one another, are selected —CR3═CR3— and —C≡C—;
• Z2 is, independently of one another, a single bond, O, S, C(R3)2, —CR3═CR3— or —C≡C—;
• or two, three, four or five Z2 groups combined with one another, are selected from O, S, C(R3)2, —CR3═CR3— and —C≡C—;
• Ar1 is, independently of one another, an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R4;
• R1 is, independently of one another, a straight-chain or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 10 C atoms;
• R3, R4 are, independently of one another, H, D, F, Cl, CN, or an alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R5, where one or more CH2 groups in the alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups may each be replaced by —R5C═CR5—, —C≡C—, C═O, C═S, —C(═O)O—, —OC(═O)—, Si(R5)2, NR5, —O— or —S—;
• R5 is, independently of one another, H, D, F, Cl, CN, N(R6)2, an alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms, where the above-mentioned groups are in each case unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R6 and where one or more CH2 groups in the above-mentioned groups may each be replaced by —R6C═CR6—, —C≡C—, C═O, C═S, —C(═O)O—, —O(C═O)—, Si(R6)2, NR6, —O— or —S—, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which in each case is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R6;
• R6 is, independently of one another, H, F or an aliphatic organic radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms each be replaced by F;
• and
• i is, independently of one another, equal to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

A compound of formulae (IIa) to (IIc):

• wherein
• R1 is, independently of one another, a straight-chain or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 10 C atoms;
• and
• benzene and thiophene rings are optionally fluorinated.

A compound of formulae (III) or (IV):

• wherein
• R4 is H, D, F, Cl, CN, or an alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R5, where one or more CH2 groups in the alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups may each be replaced by —R5C═CR5—, —C≡C—, C═O, C═S, —C(═O)O—, —OC(═O)—, Si(R5)5, NR5, —O— or —S—;
• R5 is, independently of one another, H, D, F, Cl, CN, N(R6)2, an alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms, where the above-mentioned groups are in each case unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R6 and where one or more CH2 groups in the above-mentioned groups may each be replaced by —R6C═CR6—, —C≡C—, C═O, C═S, —C(═O)O—, —O(C═O)—, Si(R6)2, NR6, —O— or —S—, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which in each case is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R6;
• R6 is, independently of one another, H, F or an aliphatic organic radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms each be replaced by F;
• R7 is, independently of one another, H, D, F, Cl, CN, N(R6)2, an alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms, where the above-mentioned groups are in each case unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R6 and where one or more CH2 groups in the above-mentioned groups may each be replaced by —R6C═CR6—, —C≡C—, C═O, C═S, —C(═O)O—, —O(C═O)—, Si(R6)2, NR6, —O— or —S—, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which in each case is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R6;
• k is in each case 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
• m is in each case 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
• and
• n is in each case 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.