Ionic liquid films with multiple functionalities for surface modification of biomedical alloys

A method of using an ionic liquid comprising a cation of the formula:

• wherein:
• n is 2-16;
• an anion selected from:
• a β-lactam compound, an amino acid(C≤18);
• phosphate, alkylphosphate(C≤12), substituted alkylphosphate(C≤12), dialkylphosphate(C≤12), substituted dialkylphosphate(C≤12), a sugar, ascorbic acid, B(Y1)(Y2)(Y3)(Y4)− wherein
• Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are each independently selected from halogen;
• hydroxyl;
• amino;
• alkyl(C≤6);
• alkenyl(C≤6);
• alkynyl(C≤6);
• aryl(C≤12);
• aralkyl(C≤12);
• acyl(C≤6);
• alkoxy(C≤6);
• aryloxy(C≤12);
• acyloxy(C≤6);
• or a substituted version of any of the last nine groups,
• halide, and N(A1)(A2)− wherein:
• A1 and A2 are each independently selected from alkyl(C≤12), substituted alkyl(C≤12), cycloalkyl(C≤12), substituted cycloalkyl(C≤12), alkylsulfonyl(C≤12), substituted alkylsulfonyl(C≤12), cycloalkylsulfonyl(C≤12), or substituted cycloalkylsulfonyl(C≤12);
• wherein the method comprises depositing the ionic liquid on any surface of an implantable device.