# US 10,369,891 B2 · Wireless power transfer system parameter estimation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,369,891 B2 - Document ID: US10369891B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/437,256 - Filed: 2017-02-20 - Published: 2018-08-23 - Granted: 2019-08-06 - Earliest claimed: 2017-02-20 - Assignees: Ford Global Technologies, LLC - Applicants: Ford Global Technologies, LLC - Inventors: Mohamed Elshaer; Chingchi Chen; John Paul Gibeau; Mark J. Ferrel - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10369891B2 ## CPC - B60L 53/22: Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles - B60L 53/122: Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil - B60L 53/126: Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver - G01R 31/006: {on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks (testing of ignition installations peculiar to internal combustion engines F02P17/00)} - H02J 50/12: of the resonant type - H02J 50/90: involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment - H02J 2105/37: exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV] - H03H 7/38: Impedance-matching networks - Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries - Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors - Y02T 90/12: Electric charging stations - Y02T 90/14: Plug-in electric vehicles - B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - H03H: IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS (waveguides, resonators, lines or other devices of the waveguide type H01P) - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract A vehicle is provided with a coil and a sensor. The coil is adapted to receive power wirelessly in single-phase form from an external coil. The sensor is adapted to measure a characteristic of the power. The vehicle is also provided with a controller that is programmed to estimate a parameter indicative of coil alignment using a three-phase representation of the power based on the characteristic, and to adjust the power received by the coil based on the parameter. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A vehicle comprising: a coil adapted to receive power wirelessly in single-phase form from an external coil; a sensor adapted to measure a characteristic of the power; and a controller programmed to estimate a parameter indicative of coil alignment using a three-phase representation of the power based on the characteristic, and adjust the power received by the coil based on the parameter. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is further programmed to: generate a second phase representation of the received power shifted by 120 degrees; generate a third phase representation of the received power shifted by 240 degrees; and generate a complex vector based on the received power, the second phase representation and the third phase representation, wherein the three-phase representation of the power is based on the complex vector. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The vehicle of claim 2 wherein the controller is further programmed to convert the complex vector to a rotating direct-quadrature-zero (DQ) reference frame indicative of the three-phase representation of the power. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is further programmed to generate a rotating direct-quadrature-zero (DQ) reference frame indicative of the three-phase representation of the power. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The vehicle of claim 4 wherein the controller is further programmed to: calculate at least one flux linkage using equations based on a DQ circuit model of the rotating DQ reference frame; and calculate the parameter indicative of coil alignment based on the flux linkage whereby the parameter is not influenced by system dynamics. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the vehicle further comprises an energy source connected to the coil and adapted to receive the power for charging thereof. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the characteristic of the power further comprises at least one of a voltage and a current received by at least one of the coil and the external coil. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is further programmed to adjust at least one of a switching frequency and a phase shift angle of the power received by the coil based on the parameter. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the controller is further programmed to adjust the power received by the coil by providing a command to an external controller to adjust at least one of a switching frequency and a phase shift angle of the power provided to the external coil. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the parameter is indicative of at least one of a coil inductance, an external coil inductance and a mutual inductance of the coil and the external coil. ### Claim 11 A power transfer system comprising: a coil adapted to receive power inductively from an external coil; an inverter coupled to the external coil; and a controller programmed to adjust at least one of a switching frequency and a phase shift angle of the inverter based on coil alignment estimated using a three-phase representation of the power. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The power transfer system of claim 11 further comprising: an external power source coupled to the external coil to provide the power, wherein the inverter is connected between the external power source and the external coil; and an external controller programmed to receive a command indicative of the at least one of the switching frequency and the phase shift angle from the controller and to control the inverter based on the command. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The power transfer system of claim 11 further comprising a battery electrically connected to the coil to store the power. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The power transfer system of claim 11 further comprising a sensor for measuring a characteristic of the power. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The power transfer system of claim 14 wherein the controller is further programmed to estimate a parameter indicative of the coil alignment based on the characteristic. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The power transfer system of claim 15 wherein the parameter is indicative of at least one of a coil inductance, an external coil inductance, and a mutual inductance of the coil and the external coil. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The power transfer system of claim 11 wherein the controller is further programmed to: generate a rotating direct-quadrature-zero (DQ) reference frame indicative of the three-phase representation of the power; calculate at least one flux linkage using equations based on the rotating DQ reference frame; and calculate a parameter indicative of the coil alignment based on the flux linkage. ### Claim 18 A wireless power transfer (WPT) method comprising: receiving power wirelessly from an external source through coupled coils; measuring a characteristic of the power; generating a three-phase representation of the power based on the measured characteristic; estimating a parameter indicative of coil alignment using the three-phase representation; and adjusting the power based on the parameter. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The WPT method of claim 18 wherein generating the three-phase representation of the power further comprises generating a rotating direct-quadrature-zero (DQ) reference frame based on the measured characteristic. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The WPT method of claim 19 further comprising: calculating at least one flux linkage based on the rotating DQ reference frame; and calculating the parameter indicative of the coil alignment based on the flux linkage.