# US 10,369,620 B2 · Bearing pin upset method to retain high hardness pins > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,369,620 B2 - Document ID: US10369620B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/053,734 - Filed: 2016-02-25 - Published: 2016-06-23 - Granted: 2019-08-06 - Earliest claimed: 2013-08-29 - Assignees: Eaton Corporation - Applicants: Eaton Corporation - Inventors: Mark Edward Jacobs; Joshua Gurganious - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10369620B2 ## CPC - B21J 9/025: {with rolling or wobbling dies} - B21J 15/12: with tools or tool parts having a movement additional to the feed movement, e.g. spin {(B21J15/027 takes precedence)} - B21K 25/00: Uniting components to form integral members, e.g. turbine wheels and shafts, caulks with inserts, with or without shaping of the components (uniting by interference- or press-fitting B23P11/02, B21K19/02) - F16C 35/063: Fixing them on the shaft (with interposition of an element F16C35/07) - F16C 43/04: Assembling rolling-contact bearings - F16C 19/466: {comprising needle rollers and an outer ring, i.e. subunit without inner ring} - Y10T 29/49915: Overedge assembling of seated part - B21J: FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES (rolling of metal B21B; making particular products by forging or pressing B21K; cladding or plating B23K; finishing surfaces by hammering B23P9/04; compacting surfaces by blasting with particulate material B24C1/10; general features of presses, presses for consolidating scrap B30B; furnaces in general F27) - B21K: MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS (making particular articles by working sheet metal without essentially removing material B21D; processing wire B21F; making pins, needles or nails B21G; making particular articles by rolling B21H; forging machines, pressing machines, hammering machines, in general B21J; making chains B21L; plating B23K) - F16C: SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A method of upsetting an axle with a peen tool according to one example of the present disclosure includes contacting a distal end surface of the peen tool with a first terminal end of the axle. The distal end surface of the peen tool has a relief portion formed on the distal end surface that includes a concave profile. An area of the axle is displaced based on the contacting. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of upsetting an axle with a peen tool, the method comprising: oscillating a distal end surface of the peen tool around a first radius of a first terminal end of the axle causing a first deformation and a first bulbous axle end to be formed; subsequent to forming the first bulbous axle end, advancing a second terminal end of the axle through (i) a first axle hole defined in a tapped body, (ii) a bearing, and (iii) a second axle hole defined in the tappet body; and oscillating the distal end surface of the peen tool around a second radius of the second terminal end of the axle causing a second deformation and a second bulbous axle end to be formed; and capturing the bearing for rotational movement around the axle in the tappet body. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein oscillating the distal end surface of the peen tool around the first radius comprises: contacting a distal end surface of the peen tool with the first terminal end of the axle, the distal end surface of the peen tool having a relief portion formed on the distal end surface that includes a concave profile. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: fixing the axle in a first fixture wherein the first terminal end of the axle extends proud from the first fixture at a location for contact with the peen tool. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the first bulbous end has a first diameter and wherein the axle has an intermediate portion having an axle diameter, wherein the first diameter is greater than the axle diameter. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4 wherein the second bulbous end has a second diameter, wherein the second diameter is greater than the axle diameter. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5 wherein subsequent to the formation of the first and second bulbous ends, the axle diameter remains constant between the first and second axle holes. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising forming the first and second bulbous axle ends such that the axle has a constant diameter within the first and second axle holes defined by the respective first and second receiving walls. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising forming the first and second bulbous axle ends such that the axle has a constant diameter inboard of the first and second axle receiving walls. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising forming the first and second bulbous axle ends such that the axle has a constant diameter between the first and second bulbous axle ends. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising forming the first and second bulbous axle ends such that the axle has a constant diameter between the first and second bulbous axle ends and a constant diameter within the first and second axle holes. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the tappet body includes first and second inset portions having respective first and second ears, the first ear including the first axle hole, and the second ear including the second axle hole, further comprising forming the first and second bulbous axle ends such that the first and second bulbous axle ends are disposed outboard of the respective first and second axle holes and outboard of an outermost surface of the respective first and second ears. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: fixing the axle in a first fixture wherein the first terminal end of the axle extends proud from the first fixture at a location for contact with the peen tool. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first bulbous end has a first diameter and wherein the axle has an intermediate portion having an axle diameter, wherein the first diameter is greater than the axle diameter. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13 wherein the second bulbous end has a second diameter that is greater than the axle diameter. ### Claim 15 A method of upsetting an axle with a peen tool, the method comprising: contacting a distal end surface of the peen tool with a first terminal end of the axle causing a first deformation and a first bulbous axle end to be formed; subsequently advancing a second terminal end of the axle through (i) a first axle hole defined by a first receiving wall of a tappet body, (ii) a bearing, and (iii) a second axle hole defined by a second receiving wall of the tappet body; and subsequently contacting the distal end surface of the peen tool with a second terminal end of the axle causing a second deformation and a second bulbous axle end to be formed, wherein the distal end surface of the peen tool includes a relief portion having a concave profile, wherein the first and second bulbous axle ends are each disposed outboard of an outer surface of the tappet body defining the first and second axle holes, wherein the axle has an intermediate portion extending from the first bulbous axle end to the second bulbous axle end, wherein the intermediate portion has a constant diameter.