Materials coated with calixarenes

A material grafted on its surface with an ultra-thin layer of one or more substituted (thia)calix[n]aryls, as represented below

• wherein
• n is the number of aryl moieties forming the (thia)calix[n]aryl ring being 4, 5, or 6;
• X represents CH2, S, SO or SO2;
• a carbon of one arene ring of the (thia)calix[n]aryls being covalently and directly anchored to the material's surface;
• R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 each independently represent hydrogen or C1-30 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, carboxylic acid ester, alkyl or benzyl thioester, alkenyl, alkynyl, C1-30 alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl (wherein the substituent is fluoro or cyano or C1-30 alkyl or C1-30 alkoxy), —N3, cyano, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid amide, —OH, amino, amido, imino, carbamate, acyl chloride, ureido, thioureido, mercapto, substituted disulfide, heterocyclic, amino acid and amino acid derivative, peptide, phosphine or phosphine oxide, crown ether, aza-crown ether, cryptand, porphyrin, calixarene, cyclodextin, resorcinarene, saccharide, and polyethylene glycol;
• and wherein two or more of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 may be covalently linked either directly or by a bridge that includes oxygen, phosphine, phosphine oxide, sulfur, SO, SO2, amino, imino, amido, ureido, thioureido, ester, thioester, alkene, alkyne or alkyl;
• Y1—, Y2—, Y3—, Y4— and Y5— each independently represent a covalent link with the material's surface, or Y1—, Y2—, Y3—, Y4— and Y5— are each independently selected from the group consisting of OH, hydrogen, NO2, halogen, N2+A−, wherein A− is an anion, C1-30 alkyl, carboxylic acid and derivatives thereof, acyl, —N3, alkenyl, and alkynyl.