Systems and methods for producing electrical discharges in compositions

A system for producing a voltage difference comprising:

• a container comprising a liquid having a low dielectric constant and either a liquid having a high dielectric constant or a solid having a high dielectric constant;
• a plate electrode disposed in the liquid in the container and coupled to a power supply;
• and
• a gas supply system coupled to the power supply, the gas supply system comprising:
• a first gas pipe and a second gas pipe,
• the first gas pipe comprising:
• a first end disposed in the liquid of the container and having an opening;
• a second end coupled to a gas source;
• and a bore extending through the second end and the first end and enabling gas from the gas source to be passed through the bore of the first gas pipe and into the liquid of the container;
• the second gas pipe comprising:
• a first end disposed in the liquid of the container and having an opening;
• a second end coupled to the gas source;
• and a bore extending through the second end and the first end and enabling gas from the gas source to be passed through the bore of the second gas pipe and into the liquid of the container;
• where the first gas pipe is disposed at least partially within the bore of the second gas pipe such that a channel is formed between the first gas pipe and the second gas pipe;
• and
• where the electrode and the first ends of the first and second gas pipes are disposed in the liquid such that a voltage difference between at least a portion of the gas supply system and the electrode is produced when the power supply is activated.