# US 10,320,690 B1 · Methods and apparatus for range measurement

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 10,320,690 B1
- Document ID: US10320690B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 15/353,544
- Filed: 2016-11-16
- Granted: 2019-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2015-11-16
- Assignees: Marvell International Ltd.
- Applicants: Marvell International Ltd.
- Inventors: Liwen Chu; Sagar A. Tamhane; Hongyuan Zhang; Sudhir Srinivasa; Hui-Ling Lou
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10320690B1

## CPC

- H04L 47/283: in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
- H04L 43/0858: {One way delays}
- H04L 43/0864: Round trip delays
- H04W 24/08: Testing, {supervising or monitoring} using real traffic
- H04W 64/003: {locating network equipment}
- H04W 84/12: WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

A first communication device generates a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit having a beginning portion and an ending portion, where the beginning portion includes a PHY protocol header having a PHY protocol preamble, and the ending portion includes a reference signal. The PHY protocol data unit prompts a second communication device to record a first time corresponding to reception of the reference signal by the second communication device. The first communication device transmits the PHY protocol data unit, records a second time corresponding to transmission of the reference signal by the first communication device. The first communication device calculates a time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the second time, and/or transmits the second time to the second communication device, a third communication device, or both, to facilitate calculation of the time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the second time.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for facilitating time of flight measurements in a communication network, the method comprising:
generating, at a first communication device, a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit having i) a beginning portion and ii) an ending portion, wherein
the beginning portion includes a PHY protocol header having a PHY protocol preamble,
the ending portion includes a reference signal, and
the PHY protocol data unit is configured to prompt a second communication device to record a reception time corresponding to reception of the reference signal by the second communication device;
causing the first communication device to transmit the PHY protocol data unit to the second communication device;
recording, at the first communication device, a transmission time corresponding to transmission of the reference signal by the first communication device; and
at least one of:
i) receiving the reception time from the second communication device and calculating, at the first communication device, a time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time of the reference signal and the transmission time of the reference signal, and
ii) causing the first communication device to transmit the transmission time to one or more of a) the second communication device and b) a third communication device that receives the reception time, to facilitate calculation of the time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein generating the physical layer PHY protocol data unit comprises:
generating the PHY protocol header such that the PHY protocol header includes information that signals to the second communication device that the ending portion of the PHY protocol data unit includes the reference signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
calculating, at the first communication device, the time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time.

### Claim 4

An apparatus, comprising:
a network interface device associated with a first communication device, the network interface device having one or more integrated circuit devices configured to:
generate a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit having i) a beginning portion and ii) an ending portion, wherein
the beginning portion includes a PHY protocol header having a PHY protocol preamble,
the ending portion includes a reference signal, and
the PHY protocol data unit is configured to prompt a second communication device to record a reception time corresponding to reception of the reference signal by the second communication device;
wherein the one or more integrated circuit devices are further configured to:
transmit the PHY protocol data unit,
record a transmission time corresponding to transmission of the reference signal by the first communication device, and
at least one of:
i) receive the reception time from the second communication device and calculate a time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time, and
ii) transmit the transmission time to one or more of a) the second communication device, and b) a third communication device that receives the reception time, to facilitate calculation of the time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the one or more integrated circuit devices are further configured to:
generate the PHY protocol header such that the PHY protocol header includes information that signals to the second communication device that the ending portion of the PHY protocol data unit includes the reference signal.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more integrated circuit devices are further configured to:
calculate the time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time.

### Claim 7

A method for facilitating time of flight measurements in a communication network, the method comprising:
receiving, at a first communication device, a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit having i) a beginning portion and ii) an ending portion, wherein
the beginning portion includes a PHY protocol header having a PHY protocol preamble,
the ending portion includes a reference signal, and
the PHY protocol data unit is configured to prompt the first communication device to record a reception time corresponding to reception of the reference signal by the first communication device;
recording, at the first communication device, the reception time corresponding to reception of the reference signal by the first communication device; and
at least one of:
i) receiving a transmission time corresponding to transmission of the reference signal by a second communication device and calculating, at the first communication device, a time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time, and
ii) causing the first communication device to transmit the reception time to the second communication device to facilitate calculation of the time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining, at the first communication device, that the reference signal is included in the ending portion of the PHY protocol data unit using information in the PHY protocol header of the PHY protocol data unit.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, further comprising:
calculating, at the first communication device, the time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time.

### Claim 10

An apparatus, comprising:
a network interface device associated with a first communication device, the network interface device having one or more integrated circuit devices configured to:
receive a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit having i) a beginning portion and ii) an ending portion, wherein
the beginning portion includes a PHY protocol header having a PHY protocol preamble,
the ending portion includes a reference signal, and
the PHY protocol data unit is configured to prompt the first communication device to record a reception time corresponding to reception of the reference signal by the first communication device;
wherein the one or more integrated circuit devices are further configured to:
record the reception time corresponding to reception of the reference signal by the first communication device, and
at least one of:
i) receive a transmission time corresponding to transmission of the reference signal by a second communication device and calculate a time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time, and
ii) cause the first communication device to transmit the reception time to the second communication device to facilitate calculation of the time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more integrated circuit devices are further configured to:
determine that the reference signal is included in the ending portion of the PHY protocol data unit using information in the PHY protocol header of the PHY protocol data unit.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more integrated circuit devices are further configured to:
calculate the time of flight of the PHY protocol data unit using the reception time and the transmission time.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises at least one of:
determining, at the first communication device, a distance between the first communication device and the second communication device using the time of flight; and
causing the first communication device to transmit the transmission time to one or more of a) the second communication device and b) a third communication device to facilitate determination of the distance between the first communication device and the second communication device using the time of flight.

### Claim 14 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the one or more integrated circuits are further configured to, at least one of:
determine a distance between the first communication device and the second communication device using the time of flight; and
cause the first communication device to transmit the time of flight to one or more of a) the second communication device and b) the third communication device to facilitate determination of the distance between the first communication device and the second communication device using the time of flight.

### Claim 15 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises, at least one of:
determining, at the first communication device, a distance between the first communication device and the second communication device using the time of flight; and
and causing the first communication device to transmit the time of flight to one or more of a) the second communication device and b) the third communication device to facilitate determination of the distance between the first communication device and the second communication device using the time of flight.

### Claim 16 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more integrated circuits are further configured to, at least one of:
determine a distance between the first communication device and the second communication device using the time of flight; and
cause the first communication device to transmit the time of flight to one or more of a) the second communication device and b) a third communication device to facilitate determination of the distance between the first communication device and the second communication device using the time of flight.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the ending portion includes a data portion of the PHY protocol data unit and the reference signal is at an end of the data portion.

### Claim 18 (depends on 4)

The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the ending portion includes a data portion of the PHY protocol data unit and the reference signal is at an end of the data portion.

### Claim 19 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the ending portion includes a data portion of the PHY protocol data unit and the reference signal is at an end of the data portion.

### Claim 20 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the ending portion includes a data portion of the PHY protocol data unit and the reference signal is at an end of the data portion.