# US 10,320,456 B2 · System and method for designing and using multidimensional constellations > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,320,456 B2 - Document ID: US10320456B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/345,174 - Filed: 2016-11-07 - Published: 2017-02-23 - Granted: 2019-06-11 - Earliest claimed: 2013-06-17 - Assignees: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. - Applicants: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. - Inventors: Mahmoud Taherzadeh Boroujeni; Hosein Nikopour; Alireza Bayesteh; Mohammadhadi Baligh - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10320456B2 ## CPC - H04B 7/0456: Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting - H03M 13/616: {Matrix operations, especially for generator matrices or check matrices, e.g. column or row permutations} - H04B 1/707: using direct sequence modulation - H04B 7/0482: {Adaptive codebooks} - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04J 11/0026: {of multi-user interference} - H04J 11/004: {using regenerative subtractive interference cancellation} - H04L 5/0007: {the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT} - H04L 5/0016: {Time-frequency-code} - H04L 25/03929: {with layer mapping, e.g. codeword-to layer design (for space-time coding H04L1/0618)} - H04L 25/03942: {switching between different codebooks} - H04L 27/3444: {by applying a certain rotation to regular constellations} - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C) - H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract A method for generating a codebook includes applying a unitary rotation to a baseline multidimensional constellation to produce a multidimensional mother constellation, wherein the unitary rotation is selected to optimize a distance function of the multidimensional mother constellation, and applying a set of operations to the multidimensional mother constellation to produce a set of constellation points. The method also includes storing the set of constellation points as the codebook of the plurality of codebooks. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for multiple access communication, the method comprising: encoding, by a transmitting device, a first data using a multidimensional mother constellation to produce an encoded codeword, the multidimensional mother constellation generated from unitary rotations of at least two smaller constellations and generated from shuffling axes of the rotated at least two smaller constellations; and transmitting, by the transmitting device, the encoded codeword. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising retrieving a codebook in accordance with the multidimensional mother constellation from a storage device. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein encoding the first data comprises: selecting the encoded codeword from a first plurality of codewords in the codebook in accordance with a first value of the first data. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the multidimensional mother constellation is a N-dimensional complex constellation, where N is an integer number greater than or equal to 2. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the multidimensional mother constellation has an optimized product distance function comprises a function of distances of a plurality of projection points corresponding to points of the multidimensional mother constellation. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a set of operations to the multidimensional mother constellation to produce a set of constellation points using gray labeling. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, the at least two smaller constellations including a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein shuffling the axes of the rotated at least two smaller constellations comprises a reorganization, regrouping, or reordering of real and imaginary components of constellation points in the rotated at least two smaller constellations. ### Claim 9 A method for receiving data, the method comprising: receiving, by a receiving device, a codeword; and decoding, by the receiving device, the codeword to produce a first data using a multidimensional mother constellation, the multidimensional mother constellation generated from unitary rotations of at least two smaller constellations and generated from shuffling axes of the rotated at least two smaller constellations. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the codeword is identified using a message passing algorithm (MPA). ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein decoding the codeword comprises: searching a codebook for an index associated with an entry in the codebook corresponding to the codeword; and setting the first data to be equal to the index. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the multidimensional mother constellation has an optimized product distance function comprises a function of distances of a plurality of projection points corresponding to points of the multidimensional mother constellation. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising applying a set of operations to the multidimensional mother constellation to produce a set of constellation points using gray labeling. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, the at least two smaller constellations including a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein shuffling the axes of the rotated at least two smaller constellations comprises a reorganizing, regrouping, or reordering of real and imaginary components of constellation points in the rotated at least two smaller constellations. ### Claim 16 A transmitting device comprising: a processor configured to encode a first data using a multidimensional mother constellation to produce an encoded codeword, the multidimensional mother constellation generated from unitary rotations of at least two smaller constellations and generated from shuffling axes of the rotated at least two smaller constellations, and a transmitter operatively coupled to the processor, the transmitter configured to transmit the encoded codeword. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The transmitting device of claim 16, further comprising the processor configured to retrieve a codebook in accordance with the multidimensional mother constellation from a storage device. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The transmitting device of claim 17, further comprising the processor configured to select the encoded codeword from a first plurality of codewords in the codebook in accordance with a first value of the first data. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The transmitting device of claim 16, wherein the multidimensional mother constellation is a N-dimensional complex constellation, where N is an integer number greater than or equal to 2. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The transmitting device of claim 16, wherein the multidimensional mother constellation has an optimized product distance function comprises a function of distances of a plurality of projection points corresponding to points of the multidimensional mother constellation. ### Claim 21 (depends on 16) The transmitting device of claim 16, further comprising the processor configured to apply a set of operations to the multidimensional mother constellation to produce a set of constellation points using gray labeling. ### Claim 22 (depends on 16) The transmitting device of claim 16, wherein the at least two smaller constellations includes a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation. ### Claim 23 (depends on 16) The transmitting device of claim 16, wherein shuffling the axes of the rotated at least two smaller constellations comprises a reorganizing, regrouping, or reordering of real and imaginary components of constellation points in the rotated at least two smaller constellations. ### Claim 24 A receiving device comprising a receiver, configured to receive a codeword; and a processor operatively coupled to the receiver, the receiver configured to decode the codeword to produce a first data using a multidimensional mother constellation, the multidimensional mother constellation generated from unitary rotations of at least two smaller constellations and generated from shuffling axes of the rotated at least two smaller constellations. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The receiving device of claim 24, wherein the codeword is identified using a message passing algorithm (MPA). ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) The receiving device of claim 24, further comprising the processor configured to: search a codebook for an index associated with an entry in the codebook corresponding to the codeword; and set the first data to be equal to the index. ### Claim 27 (depends on 24) The receiving device of claim 24, wherein the multidimensional mother constellation has an optimized product distance function comprises a function of distances of a plurality of projection points corresponding to points of the multidimensional mother constellation. ### Claim 28 (depends on 24) The receiving device of claim 24, further comprising the processor configured to apply a set of operations to the multidimensional mother constellation to produce a set of constellation points using gray labeling. ### Claim 29 (depends on 24) The receiving device of claim 24, wherein the at least two smaller constellations includes a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation. ### Claim 30 (depends on 24) The receiving device of claim 24, wherein shuffling the axes of the rotated at least two smaller constellations comprises a reorganizing, regrouping, or reordering of real and imaginary components of constellation points in the rotated at least two smaller constellations.