# US 10,320,298 B2 · Step-down power conversion with zero current switching > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,320,298 B2 - Document ID: US10320298B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/703,113 - Filed: 2017-09-13 - Published: 2018-01-11 - Granted: 2019-06-11 - Earliest claimed: 2014-03-07 - Applicants: Bassam Marawi - Inventors: Bassam Marawi - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10320298B2 ## CPC - H02M 3/158: including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load - H02M 1/42: Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters - H02M 3/01: {Resonant DC/DC converters} - H02M 3/335: using semiconductor devices only - H02M 3/33507: {with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters (H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence)} - H02M 3/33523: {with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop} - H02M 3/33569: {having several active switching elements (H02M3/3353 takes precedence)} - H02M 3/33592: {having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer} - H02M 1/0058: {by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero (using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826)} - Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS ## Abstract Methods, apparatuses, computer program products, and computer readable media are disclosed herein. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a first capacitor, a first inductor in resonance with the first capacitor, a first electronic switch and a second electronic switch. The first electronic switch may be configured to cause, when the first electronic switch is closed, the first capacitor to store a first energy, and to cause a second energy to be stored in magnetic fields of the inductor. The second energy may be transferred to a load during a resonant portion of an energy transfer cycle. The apparatus may further include a second electronic switch configured to cause the stored first energy in the first capacitor to be transferred at least in part to the magnetic fields of the inductor, and then transferred to the load during a buck portion of the energy transfer cycle. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus comprising: a first capacitor; a first inductor in resonance with the first capacitor; a first electronic switch configured to cause, when the first electronic switch is closed, the first capacitor to store a first energy, and to cause a second energy to be stored in magnetic fields of the inductor, wherein the second energy is then transferred to a load during a resonant portion of an energy transfer cycle; and a second electronic switch configured to cause the stored first energy in the first capacitor to be transferred at least in part to the magnetic fields of the inductor, and then transferred to the load during a buck portion of the energy transfer cycle. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the buck portion of the energy transfer cycle follows in time the resonant portion of the energy transfer cycle, wherein the resonant portion of the energy transfer cycle corresponds to the first switch being on and the second switch being off, wherein the buck portion of the energy transfer cycle corresponds to the first switch being off and the second switch being on, and wherein the resonant and the buck portions of the energy transfer cycle repeat at a switching frequency. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the first electronic switch is turned on for a first time interval determined in part by a capacitance value of the first capacitor and an inductance value of the first inductor, and wherein the second electronic switch is turned on for a second time interval determined in part by the capacitance value of the first capacitor and the inductance value of the first inductor. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein a the second electronic switch passes the stored first energy in the first capacitor through a second inductor to the load during the buck portion of the energy transfer cycle. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein a second capacitor is connected in parallel to the load determines at least in part a ripple voltage across the load, and wherein the second capacitor has a capacitance value much larger than the first capacitor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the apparatus converts an input power provided at a direct current input voltage to a an output power provided at a direct current output voltage, wherein the direct current input voltage is two or more times higher in voltage that the direct current output voltage. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the apparatus converts an input power provided at an input voltage that varies with time to an output power provided at a direct current output voltage, wherein the peak of the input voltage is two or more times higher in voltage that the direct current output voltage. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein at least another apparatus has a same input voltage as the apparatus and an output supplying a same output voltage as the apparatus, and wherein the output of the at least another apparatus is connected in parallel with the output of the apparatus. ### Claim 9 (depends on 2) The apparatus as in claim 2, wherein a power delivered to the load is determined at least in part by the switching frequency. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The apparatus as in claim 7, wherein the input voltage varies is a rectified sinusoidal voltage. ### Claim 11 An apparatus comprising: a first electronic switch; a second electronic switch; a first capacitor; a second capacitor; a first inductor; a first diode; and a second diode, wherein a first side of the first electronic switch is connected to a power source, and a second side of the first electronic switch is connected to a first node, wherein a first side of the second electronic switch is connected to the first node, and a second side of the second electronic switch is connected to a second node, wherein a first side of the first capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second side of the first capacitor is connected to a third node, wherein a first side of the second capacitor is connected to an output node, and a second side of the second capacitor is connected to a return side of the power source, wherein a first side of the first inductor is connected to the second node, and a second side of the first inductor is connected to the output node, wherein a cathode of the first diode is connected to the third node, and an anode of the first diode is connected to the return side of the power source, wherein a cathode of the second diode is connected to the second node, and an anode of the second diode is connected to the third node, and wherein a load is connected to the output node and the return side of the power source. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the second diode is replaced by a third electronic switch, and/or the first diode is replaced by a fourth electronic switch. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the first electronic switch is replaced with a wire connecting the power source to the first node, and wherein a fifth electronic switch is inserted between the power source return side and the anode side of the first diode, the second side of the second capacitor, and the load. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein one or more of the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch includes one or more of a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a bipolar junction transistor, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor, an enhanced mode gallium nitride transistor, or any other semiconductor device. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the connection between the second side of the second switch is replaced with a second inductor, wherein the first side of the second inductor is connected to the second side of the second switch, and wherein the second side of the second inductor is connected to the output node. ### Claim 16 An apparatus comprising: a first electronic switch; a second electronic switch; a first capacitor; a second capacitor; a first inductor; a first diode; a second diode, a third diode; a fourth diode; and a transformer, wherein a first side of the first electronic switch is connected to a power source, and a second side of the first electronic switch is connected to a first node, wherein a first side of the second electronic switch is connected to the first node, and a second side of the second electronic switch is connected to a second node, wherein a first side of the first capacitor is connected to the first node, and a second side of the first capacitor is connected to a third node, wherein a first side of the second capacitor is connected to an output node, and a second side of the second capacitor is connected to a return side of the power source, wherein a first side of the first inductor is connected to a fourth node, and a second side of the first inductor is connected to the output node, wherein a cathode of the first diode is connected to the third node, and an anode of the first diode is connected to the return side of the power source, wherein a cathode of the second diode is connected to the second node, and an anode of the second diode is connected to the third node, wherein a cathode of the third diode is connected to the fourth node, and an anode of the third diode is connected to a first side of a secondary winding of the transformer; wherein a cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the fourth node, and an anode of the fourth diode is connected to a second side of the secondary winding of the transformer; wherein a first side of a primary winding of the transformer is connected to the second node and a second side of the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the return side of the power source, and wherein a load is connected to the output node and the second side of the secondary winding of the transformer. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus as in claim 16, wherein the second diode is replaced by a third electronic switch, and/or the first diode is replaced by a fourth electronic switch. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The apparatus as in claim 16, wherein the first electronic switch is replaced with a wire connecting the power source to the first node, and wherein a fifth electronic switch is inserted between the power source return side and the anode side of the first diode, the second side of the second capacitor, and the load. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The apparatus as in claim 16, wherein one or more of the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch includes one or more of a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, a bipolar junction transistor, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor, an enhanced mode gallium nitride transistor, or any other semiconductor device.