# US 10,320,245 B2 · Lateral positioning for wireless electric vehicle charging

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- Number: US 10,320,245 B2
- Document ID: US10320245B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/630,184
- Filed: 2017-06-22
- Published: 2018-12-27
- Granted: 2019-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2017-06-22
- Assignees: WiTricity Corporation
- Applicants: Wi Tricity Corporation
- Inventors: Lukas Sieber
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10320245B2

## CPC

- H02J 50/90: involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
- B60L 53/122: Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
- B60L 53/124: Detection or removal of foreign bodies
- B60L 53/126: Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
- B60L 53/22: Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
- B60L 53/36: by positioning the vehicle
- B60L 53/38: specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
- B60L 53/39: with position-responsive activation of primary coils
- B60L 53/66: Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
- G01B 15/00: Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons (characterised by the use of optical techniques G01B9/00, G01B11/00)
- G01R 29/0878: {Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors (wave guide measuring sections G01R1/24)}
- H02J 50/12: of the resonant type
- H02J 50/80: involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
- B60L 2240/62: Vehicle position
- Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
- Y02T 10/72: Electric energy management in electromobility
- Y02T 90/12: Electric charging stations
- Y02T 90/14: Plug-in electric vehicles
- Y02T 90/16: Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- G01B: MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

A method of determining alignment of an inductive power coupler of an electric vehicle relative to an inductive power transmit element includes: receiving, at the electric vehicle, a first wireless signal and a second wireless signal; analyzing the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal to determine an alignment value, the alignment value being a magnitude of the first wireless signal relative to a magnitude of the second wireless signal or being a difference between a time of arrival of the first wireless signal and a time of arrival of the second wireless signal; and determining, based on the alignment value, an indication of a lateral offset of the inductive power coupler of the electric vehicle relative to the inductive power transmit element.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A wireless electric vehicle charging system comprising:
an electric load;
an inductive power coupler communicatively coupled to the electric load and configured to couple wirelessly and inductively to a magnetic field to receive sufficient energy from an inductive power transmit element to at least one of charge the electric load or to operate the electric load;
a receiver; and
a processor communicatively coupled to the receiver and to the electric load and configured to:
determine an alignment value associated with a first signal received by the receiver and a second signal received by the receiver, wherein the alignment value is a magnitude of the first signal relative to a magnitude of the second signal or is a difference between a time of arrival of the first signal and a time of arrival of the second signal; and
determine, based on the alignment value, an indication of a lateral offset of the inductive power coupler relative to the inductive power transmit element.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the alignment value is the magnitude of the first signal relative to the magnitude of the second signal, the system further comprising a filter communicatively coupled to the receiver and configured to differentiate the first signal from the second signal based on respective frequencies of the first signal and the second signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, wherein:
the filter is further configured to differentiate the first signal and the second signal from a third signal, received by the receiver, based on a frequency of the third signal;
the alignment value is a first alignment value;
the processor is configured to determine a second alignment value as a magnitude difference between the first signal and the third signal, and to determine a third alignment value as a magnitude difference between the second signal and the third signal; and
the processor is configured to determine the indication of the lateral offset of the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element based on the first alignment value, the second alignment value, and the third alignment value.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the alignment value is the magnitude of the first signal relative to the magnitude of the second signal and the processor is configured to determine that the lateral offset of the inductive power coupler relative to the inductive power transmit element is toward a source of whichever of the first signal or the second signal has a higher magnitude.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the alignment value is the difference between the time of arrival of the first signal and the time of arrival of the second signal, and wherein the processor is configured to determine the indication of the lateral offset of the inductive power coupler relative to the inductive power transmit element using a sweep period associated with the first signal and the second signal and an angular sweep range associated with the first signal and the second signal, the indication of the lateral offset being an angle relative to a centerline of the inductive power transmit element.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine an indication of a longitudinal offset of the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element by performing a coupling check between the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element, and wherein the processor is configured to initiate the coupling check in response to an estimated longitudinal offset between the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element being below a threshold distance.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to determine the estimated longitudinal offset between the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element based on a received signal strength of at least one of the first signal or the second signal.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine a parking stall associated with the first signal and the second signal.

### Claim 9

A method of determining alignment of an inductive power coupler of an electric vehicle relative to an inductive power transmit element, the method comprising:
receiving, at the electric vehicle, a first wireless signal and a second wireless signal;
analyzing the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal to determine an alignment value, the alignment value being a magnitude of the first wireless signal relative to a magnitude of the second wireless signal or being a difference between a time of arrival of the first wireless signal and a time of arrival of the second wireless signal; and
determining, based on the alignment value, an indication of a lateral offset of the inductive power coupler of the electric vehicle relative to the inductive power transmit element.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein the alignment value is the magnitude of the first wireless signal relative to the magnitude of the second wireless signal, and the analyzing comprises distinguishing the first wireless signal from the second wireless signal based on respective frequencies of the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the alignment value is a first alignment value, the method further comprising:
receiving, at the electric vehicle, a third wireless signal;
distinguishing the third wireless signal from the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal based on respective frequencies of the first wireless signal, the second wireless signal, and the third wireless signal;
determining a second alignment value as a magnitude difference between the first wireless signal and the third wireless signal; and
determining a third alignment value as a magnitude difference between the second wireless signal and the third wireless signal;
wherein determining the indication of the lateral offset comprises determining the indication of the lateral offset based on the first alignment value, the second alignment value, and the third alignment value.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein determining the indication of the lateral offset includes determining that the lateral offset of the inductive power coupler relative to the inductive power transmit element is toward a source of whichever of the first wireless signal or the second wireless signal has a higher magnitude.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein the alignment value is the difference between the time of arrival of the first wireless signal and the time of arrival of the second wireless signal, and wherein determining the indication of the lateral offset of the inductive power coupler relative to the inductive power transmit element is based on a sweep period associated with the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal and an angular sweep range associated with the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal, the indication of the lateral offset being an angle relative to a centerline of the inductive power transmit element.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising:
initiating a coupling check between the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element in response to an estimated longitudinal offset between the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element being below a threshold distance; and
determining an indication of a longitudinal offset of the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element based on the coupling check.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the estimated longitudinal offset between the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element based on a received signal strength of at least one of the first wireless signal or the second wireless signal.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, further comprising determining a parking stall associated with the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal.

### Claim 17

A wireless electric vehicle charging system comprising:
an electric load;
coupling means, communicatively coupled to the electric load, for receiving energy wirelessly from a power transmit element to at least one of charge the electric load or to operate the electric load;
receiving means for receiving a first alignment signal and a second alignment signal; and
first determining means for determining an alignment value associated with a first signal received by the receiving means and a second signal received by the receiving means, wherein the alignment value is a magnitude of the first signal relative to a magnitude of the second signal or is a difference between a time of arrival of the first signal and a time of arrival of the second signal; and
second determining means for determining, based on the alignment value, an indication of a lateral offset of the coupling means relative to the power transmit element.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the alignment value is the magnitude of the first alignment signal relative to the magnitude of the second alignment signal, the system further comprising differentiating means, communicatively coupled to the receiving means, for differentiating the first alignment signal from the second alignment signal based on respective frequencies of the first alignment signal and the second alignment signal.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The system of claim 18, wherein:
the differentiating means are further for differentiating the first alignment signal and the second alignment signal from a third alignment signal, received by the receiving means, based on a frequency of the third alignment signal;
the alignment value is a first alignment value;
the first determining means are for determining a second alignment value as a magnitude difference between the first alignment signal and the third alignment signal, and for determining a third alignment value as a magnitude difference between the second alignment signal and the third alignment signal; and
the second determining means are for determining the indication of the lateral offset of the coupling means and the power transmit element based on the first alignment value, the second alignment value, and the third alignment value.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the alignment value is the magnitude of the first alignment signal relative to the magnitude of the second alignment signal and the second determining means are for determining that the lateral offset of the coupling means relative to the power transmit element is toward a source of whichever of the first alignment signal or the second alignment signal has a higher magnitude.

### Claim 21 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the alignment value is the difference between the time of arrival of the first alignment signal and the time of arrival of the second alignment signal, and wherein the second determining means are for determining the indication of the lateral offset of the coupling means relative to the power transmit element using a sweep period associated with the first alignment signal and the second alignment signal and an angular sweep range associated with the first alignment signal and the second alignment signal, the indication of the lateral offset being an angle relative to a centerline of the power transmit element.

### Claim 22 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, further comprising longitudinal offset means for determining an indication of a longitudinal offset of the coupling means and the power transmit element by performing a coupling check between the coupling means and the power transmit element, wherein the longitudinal offset means are further for initiating the coupling check in response to an estimated longitudinal offset between the coupling means and the power transmit element being below a threshold distance.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The system of claim 22, wherein the longitudinal offset means are further for determining the estimated longitudinal offset between the coupling means and the power transmit element based on a received signal strength of at least one of the first alignment signal or the second alignment signal.

### Claim 24

A non-transitory, processor-readable storage medium comprising instructions configured to cause a processor to:
analyze a first wireless signal and a second wireless signal to determine an alignment value, the alignment value being a magnitude of the first wireless signal relative to a magnitude of the second wireless signal or being a difference between a time of arrival of the first wireless signal and a time of arrival of the second wireless signal; and
determine, based on the alignment value, an indication of a lateral offset of an inductive power coupler of a vehicle relative to an inductive power transmit element of a wireless charger.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The storage medium of claim 24, wherein the alignment value is the magnitude of the first wireless signal relative to the magnitude of the second wireless signal, the storage medium further comprising instructions configured to cause the processor to distinguish the first wireless signal from the second wireless signal based on respective frequencies of the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The storage medium of claim 25, wherein the alignment value is a first alignment value, the storage medium further comprising instructions configured to cause the processor to:
distinguish a third wireless signal from the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal based on respective frequencies of the first wireless signal, the second wireless signal, and the third wireless signal;
determine a second alignment value as a magnitude difference between the first wireless signal and the third wireless signal; and
determine a third alignment value as a magnitude difference between the second wireless signal and the third wireless signal;
wherein the instructions configured to cause the processor to determine the indication of the lateral offset comprise instructions configured to cause the processor to determine the indication of the lateral offset based on the first alignment value, the second alignment value, and the third alignment value.

### Claim 27 (depends on 24)

The storage medium of claim 24, wherein the instructions configured to cause the processor to determine the indication of the lateral offset comprise instructions configured to cause the processor to determine that the lateral offset of the inductive power coupler relative to the inductive power transmit element is toward a source of whichever of the first wireless signal or the second wireless signal has a higher magnitude.

### Claim 28 (depends on 24)

The storage medium of claim 24, wherein the alignment value is the difference between the time of arrival of the first wireless signal and the time of arrival of the second wireless signal, and wherein the instructions configured to cause the processor to determine the indication of the lateral offset comprise instructions configured to cause the processor to determine the indication of the lateral offset of the inductive power coupler relative to the inductive power transmit element based on a sweep period associated with the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal and an angular sweep range associated with the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal, the indication of the lateral offset being an angle relative to a centerline of the inductive power transmit element.

### Claim 29 (depends on 24)

The storage medium of claim 24, further comprising instructions configured to cause the processor to:
initiate a coupling check between the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element in response to an estimated longitudinal offset between the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element being below a threshold distance; and
determine an indication of a longitudinal offset of the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element based on the coupling check.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The storage medium of claim 29, further comprising instructions configured to cause the processor to determine the estimated longitudinal offset between the inductive power coupler and the inductive power transmit element based on a received signal strength of at least one of the first wireless signal or the second wireless signal.