# US 10,320,225 B2 · Charging system and charging method for increasing service life of battery of terminal and power adapter thereof

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- Number: US 10,320,225 B2
- Document ID: US10320225B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/573,035
- Filed: 2017-01-07
- Published: 2018-05-03
- Granted: 2019-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2016-02-05
- Assignees: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd.
- Applicants: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd.
- Inventors: Chen Tian; Jialiang Zhang
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10320225B2

## CPC

- H02J 7/02: for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- G01R 31/3842: combining voltage and current measurements
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 10/425: {Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing (printed circuits H05K1/00)}
- H01M 10/44: Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J7/00)
- H02J 7/04: Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J 7/06: using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02J 7/663: {using battery or load disconnect circuits (H02J9/002 takes precedence)}
- H02J 7/92: with prioritisation of loads or sources
- H02J 7/927: {with introduction of pulses during the charging process}
- H02J 7/933: {the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters}
- H02J 7/94: in response to battery current
- H02J 7/96: in response to battery voltage
- H02J 7/971: {the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters}
- H02J 7/975: {in response to temperature}
- H02M 1/08: Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M 1/44: Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
- H02M 3/335: using semiconductor devices only
- H02M 3/33507: {with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters (H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence)}
- H02M 3/33523: {with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop}
- H02M 3/33576: {having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer}
- H02M 3/33592: {having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer}
- H02M 5/04: by static converters (controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, e.g. by tap changing H02P13/00)
- H02M 7/04: by static converters
- H02M 7/06: using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M 7/217: using semiconductor devices only
- H01M 10/4257: {Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries}
- H01M 2010/4271: {Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing}
- H02J 7/00: Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J 7/2434: {with pulse modulation}
- H02J 7/42: with electronic devices having internal batteries, e.g. mobile phones
- H02J 7/44: between battery management systems and power sources
- H02J 7/448: {using switches, contacts or markings, e.g. optical, magnetic or barcode}
- H02J 7/585: {Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries}
- H02J 7/62: against overcurrent
- H02J 7/70: characterised by the mechanical construction
- H02J 7/825: {Detection of fully charged condition}
- H02J 2207/10: Control circuit supply, e.g. means for supplying power to the control circuit
- H02J 2207/20: Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
- H02M 1/0009: {Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter}
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A charging system, a charge method, and a power adapter are provided. The charging system includes a battery, a first rectifying circuit, a switch circuit, a transformer, a second rectifying circuit, a sampling circuit, and a control circuit. The control circuit outputs a control signal to the switch circuit, and regulates a duty cycle of the control signal according to the current sampling value so that the voltage with the third pulsating waveform satisfies a requirement of charging the battery.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A charging system, comprising:
a battery;
a first rectifying circuit, configured to rectify an alternating current to voltage with a first pulsating waveform;
a switch circuit, configured to modulate the voltage with the first pulsating waveform according to a control signal;
a transformer, configured to output voltage with a second pulsating waveform according to the modulated voltage with the first pulsating waveform;
a second rectifying circuit, configured to rectify the voltage with the second pulsating waveform to voltage with a third pulsating waveform;
a first current sampling circuit, configured to sample current outputted by the second rectifying circuit to obtain a current sampling value, the first current sampling circuit selectively operable in a first current sampling mode and a second current sampling mode;
a mode switch circuit, configured to control the first current sampling circuit to switch between the first current sampling mode and the second current sampling mode; and
a control circuit, coupled to the first current sampling circuit, the mode switch circuit, and the mode switch circuit, the control circuit configured to output the control signal to the switch circuit, configured to control the mode switch circuit to control the first current sampling circuit operating in the first current sampling mode or the second current sampling mode based on a charging mode, and configured to regulate a duty cycle of the control signal according to the current sampling value so that the voltage with the third pulsating waveform satisfies a requirement of at least one of a charging voltage or a charging current for charging the battery.

### Claim 2

A power adapter, comprising:
a first rectifying circuit, configured to rectify an alternating current to voltage with a first pulsating waveform;
a switch circuit, configured to modulate the voltage with the first pulsating waveform according to a control signal;
a transformer, configured to output voltage with a second pulsating waveform according to the modulated voltage with the first pulsating waveform;
a second rectifying circuit, configured to rectify the voltage with the second pulsating waveform to voltage with a third pulsating waveform;
a first charging interface, coupled to the second rectifying circuit and configured to apply the voltage with the third pulsating waveform to a battery of a terminal through a second charging interface of the terminal when the second charging interface of the terminal couples to the first charging interface, wherein the battery is coupled to the second charging interface;
a first current sampling circuit, configured to sample current outputted by the second rectifying circuit to obtain a current sampling value, the first current sampling circuit selectively operable in a first current sampling mode and a second current sampling mode;
a mode switch circuit, configured to control the first current sampling circuit to switch between the first current sampling mode and the second current sampling mode; and
a control circuit, coupled to the first current sampling circuit, the mode switch circuit, and the switch circuit, the control circuit configured to output the control signal to the switch circuit, configured to control the mode switch circuit to control the first current sampling circuit operating in the first current sampling mode or the second current sampling mode based on a charging mode, and configured to regulate a duty cycle of the control signal according to the current sampling value so that the voltage with the third pulsating waveform satisfies a requirement of at least one of a charging voltage or a charging current for charging.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the control circuit is further configured to regulate a frequency of the control signal according to the current sampling value.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the charging interface comprises a power line configured to charge the battery and a data line configured to communicate with the terminal; the control circuit communicates with the terminal through the first charging interface to determine the charging mode that comprises a first charging mode and a second charging mode.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 4, wherein the control circuit is further configured to control the mode switch circuit to control the first current sampling circuit operable in the first current sampling mode, when the control circuit performs a bidirectional communication with the terminal through the data line of the first charging interface to determine that the terminal is charged by the first charging mode; and
the control circuit is further configured to control the mode switch circuit to control the first current sampling circuit operable in the second current sampling mode, when the control circuit performs a bidirectional communication with the terminal through the data line of the first charging interface to determine that the terminal is charged by the second charging mode.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first current sampling circuit comprises:
a first resistor, a first end of the first resistor coupled to an output end of the second rectifying circuit;
a second resistor, a first end of the second resistor coupled to the output end of the second rectifying circuit, wherein a resistance of the second resistor is greater than a resistance of the first resistor;
a third resistor, coupled between the first end of the second resistor and the first end of the first resistor;
a fourth resistor, coupled between a second end of the second resistor and a second end of the first resistor; and
a current sensor, configured to sample the current outputted by the second rectifying circuit according to voltage across the first resistor or voltage across the second resistor.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first current sampling circuit further comprises:
a fifth resistor, a first end of the fifth resistor coupled to the second end of the second resistor and a second end of the fifth resistor coupled to the current sensor;
a sixth resistor, a first end of the sixth resistor coupled to the second end of the second resistor, and a second end of the sixth resistor coupled to the current sensor;
a first filter capacitor, a first end of the first filter capacitor coupled to the second end of the fifth resistor and the current sensor and a second end of the first filter capacitor being grounded; and
a second filter capacitor, a first end of the second filter capacitor coupled to the second end of the sixth resistor and the current sensor, and a second end of the second filter capacitor being grounded.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mode switch circuit comprises:
a first switch, a first end of the first switch coupled to the second end of the first resistor, and a control end of the first switch coupled to the control circuit;
a second switch, a first end of the second switch coupled to the second end of the second resistor, a control end of the second switch coupled to the control circuit, and a second end of the second switch coupled to a second end of the first switch.

### Claim 9 (depends on 4)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the control circuit performs a bidirectional communication with the terminal through the data lines in the first charging interface to determine that the terminal is charged by the first charging mode,
the control circuit sends a first instruction to the terminal, the first instruction is configured to inquire of the terminal whether to enable the first charging mode or not;
the control circuit receives a reply instruction responsive to the first instruction from the terminal, the reply instruction responsive to the first instruction is configured to indicate that the terminal agrees to enable the first charging mode.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 9, wherein before the control circuit sends the first instruction to the terminal, the power adapter charges the terminal through the second charging mode, and the control circuit sends the first instruction to the terminal after determining that a charging time of the second charging mode is longer than a predetermined threshold value.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 9, wherein the control circuit is further configured to control the power adapter through controlling the switch circuit so as to adjust a charging current to a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode, and before the power adapter uses the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode to charge the terminal,
the control circuit performs the bidirectional communication with the terminal through the data lines in the first charging interface to determine a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode and control the power adapter to adjust a charging voltage to the charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 11, wherein when the control circuit performs the bidirectional communication with the terminal through the data lines in the first charging interface to determine the charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode,
the control circuit sends a second instruction to the terminal, the second instruction is configured to inquire whether or not a current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable as a charging voltage of the first charging mode;
the control circuit receives a reply instruction responsive to the second instruction sent by the terminal, the reply instruction responsive to the second instruction is configured to indicate that the current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable, excessively high, or excessively low;
the control circuit determines the charging voltage of the first charging mode based on the reply instruction responsive to the second instruction.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 11, wherein before the control circuit controls the power adapter to adjust the charging current to the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode, the control circuit further performs the bidirectional communication with the terminal through the data lines in the first charging interface to determine the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 13, wherein when the control circuit performs the bidirectional communication with the terminal through the data lines in the first charging interface to determine the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode,
the control circuit sends a third instruction to the terminal, the third instruction is configured to inquire about a maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal;
the control circuit receives a reply instruction responsive to the third instruction sent by the terminal, the reply instruction responsive to the third instruction is configured to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal;
the control circuit determines a charging current of the first charging mode based on the reply instruction responsive to the third instruction.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

The power adapter as claimed in claim 9, wherein during the process that the power adapter is operable in the first charging mode to charge the terminal, the control circuit further performs the bidirectional communication with the terminal through the data lines in the first charging interface to continuously adjust the charging current output to the battery from the power adapter through controlling the switch circuit.

### Claim 16

A charging method of charging a terminal, comprising:
rectifying an alternating current to output voltage with a first pulsating waveform when a first charging interface of a power adapter couples a second charging interface of the terminal;
modulating, by controlling a mode switch circuit, the voltage with the first pulsating waveform, and converting, by a transformer, the modulated voltage with the first pulsating waveform into voltage with a second pulsating waveform;
rectifying the voltage with the second pulsating waveform to output voltage with a third pulsating waveform, and applying the voltage with the third pulsating waveform to a battery of the terminal through the second charging interface;
sampling current corresponding to the voltage with the third pulsating waveform to obtain a current sampling value, wherein the first current sampling circuit is selectively operable in a first current sampling mode and a second current sampling mode; and
controlling the first current sampling circuit to operate in the first current sampling mode or the second current sampling mode according to a charging mode, and regulating a duty cycle of the control signal according to the current sampling value so that the voltage with the third pulsating waveform satisfies a requirement of at least one of a charging voltage or a charging current for charging.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The charging method as claimed in claim 16, further comprising:
regulating a frequency of the control signal according to the current sampling value.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The charging method as claimed in claim 16, further comprising:
determining the charging mode by a communication between the first charging interface and the terminal, the charging mode comprising a first charging mode and a second charging mode.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The charging method as claimed in claim 18, further comprising:
controlling the first current sampling circuit to operate in the first current sampling mode, when a bidirectional communication between the terminal and the power adapter via the first charging interface is established to determine that the terminal is charged by the first charging mode; and
controlling the first current sampling circuit to operate in the second current sampling mode, when the bidirectional communication between the terminal and the power adapter via the first charging interface is established to determine that the terminal is charged by the second charging mode.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The charging method as claimed in claim 18, further comprising:
when the bidirectional communication between the terminal and the power adapter via the first charging interface is established to determine that the terminal is charged by the first charging mode,
sending, by the power adapter, a first instruction to the terminal, the first instruction configured to inquire of the terminal whether to enable the first charging mode or not;
receiving, by the power adapter, a reply instruction responsive to the first instruction from the terminal, the reply instruction responsive to the first instruction configured to indicate that the terminal agrees to enable the first charging mode.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The charging method as claimed in claim 20, wherein before sending the first instruction to the terminal, the power adapter charges the terminal through the second charging mode, and the charging method comprises: sending, by the power adapter, the first instruction to the terminal if a charging time of the second charging mode is longer than a predetermined threshold value.

### Claim 22 (depends on 20)

The charging method as claimed in claim 20, further comprising:
determining a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode through the bidirectional communication between the terminal and the power adapter via the first charging interface, and controlling the power adapter to adjust a charging voltage to the charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode; and
adjusting a charging current of the power adapter to a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode by controlling a switch circuit, and charging the terminal by the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode outputted by the power adapter.

### Claim 23 (depends on 20)

The charging method as claimed in claim 20, wherein during the process that the power adapter is operable in the first charging mode to charge the terminal, the charging method further comprises: continuously adjusting, by controlling the switch circuit, the charging current output to the battery from the power adapter through the bidirectional communication between the terminal and the power adapter via the first charging interface.

### Claim 24 (depends on 18)

The charging method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the terminal supports the second charging mode and the first charging mode, and a charging current of the first charging mode is greater than a charging current of the second charging mode, wherein the charging method further comprises:
determining, by the power adapter, that the first charging mode is used to charge the terminal, through the bidirectional communication between the second charging interface of the terminal and the adapter;
outputting, by the power adapter, the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode to charge the battery in the terminal.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The charging method as claimed in claim 24, wherein determining that the first charging mode is used to charge the terminal, through the bidirectional communication between the second charging interface of the terminal and the adapter, comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, a first instruction sent from the power adapter, the first instruction configured to inquire of the terminal whether to enable the first charging mode or not;
sending, by the terminal, a reply instruction responsive to the first instruction to the power adapter, the reply instruction responsive to the first instruction configured to indicate that the terminal agrees to enable the first charging mode.