# US 10,320,143 B2 · Solid state particulate metal oxide infrared emitter apparatus and method of use thereof > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,320,143 B2 - Document ID: US10320143B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/682,480 - Filed: 2017-08-21 - Published: 2019-02-21 - Granted: 2019-06-11 - Earliest claimed: 2017-08-15 - Applicants: Alex Kropachev; Dragan Grubisic; Davorin Babic; Arshey Patadia; Viet Nguyen - Inventors: Alex Kropachev; Dragan Grubisic; Davorin Babic; Arshey Patadia; Viet Nguyen - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10320143B2 ## CPC - H01S 3/10: Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating - G01J 3/108: {for measurement in the infrared range} - G01J 5/046: {Materials; Selection of thermal materials} - G01J 5/532: {using a reference heater of the emissive surface type, e.g. for selectively absorbing materials} - H01S 3/16: Solid materials - H05B 3/145: {Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite} - G02F 1/354: {Third or higher harmonic generation} - H05B 2214/04: Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology - H01S: DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL - G01J: MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources F21, H01J, H01K, H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means G01N) - H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS ## Abstract The invention comprises an infrared source and method of use thereof comprising the steps of: (1) providing a solid state source, comprising: a film of oxide particles comprising an average particle size of less than ten micrometers, gaps between the oxide particles comprising an average gap width of less than ten micrometers, and a heating element embedded in the solid state source; (2) applying a pulsed current to the heating element to heat the heating element; and (3) heating the film of oxide particles to at least seven hundred degrees using thermal conduction from the heating element resultant in the film of oxide particles emitting infrared light in a range of 1.1 to 20 micrometers, where the infrared source operates continuously with heating and cooling of the oxide particles through a differential of at least 200° C. occurs at least five and less than thirty times per second. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for generating infrared light comprising the steps of: providing a solid state source, comprising: a film of oxide particles comprising: an average particle size of less than ten micrometers; and gaps between said oxide particles comprising an average gap width of less than ten micrometers; a heating element embedded in said solid state source; applying a pulsed current to said heating element to heat said heating element; heating said film of oxide particles to at least seven hundred degrees using thermal conduction from said heating element; and said film of oxide particles emitting the infrared light, the infrared light comprising photons in the range of 1.1 to 20 micrometers. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, said step of heating further comprising the step of: thermally conducting heat from said heating element through an intervening layer to said film of oxide particles. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of: protecting an emission side surface of said film of oxide particles from oxidation using a first layer comprising silicon nitride. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of: heating said heating element to at least seven hundred degrees centigrade and cooling said heating element to under two hundred degrees centigrade at least five times per second and less than thirty times per second over a time period of at least a minute. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, said step of emitting further comprising the step of: generating a distribution of photon energies with a peak intensity in a range of 2.0 to 6.0 micrometers, wherein said oxide particles comprise molybdenum oxide particles. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, said step of emitting further comprising: generating a distribution of photon energies with a peak intensity in a range of 3.0 to 10.0 micrometers, wherein said oxide particles comprise a ceramic. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, said step of emitting further comprising: generating a distribution of photon energies with a peak intensity in a range of 3.9 to 10.0 micrometers, wherein said oxide particles comprise zinc oxide particles. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of: transmitting a portion of the infrared light through at least eighty percent of a thickness of said film of oxide particles. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, said step of emitting further comprising the step of: emitting photons from an internal volume of said film of oxide particles; and transmitting at least fifty percent of the photons to an outer surface of said film of oxide particles. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, said step of applying a pulsed current to said heating element further comprising the step of: isolating the current to said heating element through use of: a first deposited dielectric film on a first side of said heating element and a second deposited dielectric film on a second side of said heating element. ### Claim 11 An apparatus for providing infrared light, comprising: a solid state source, comprising: a film of oxide particles comprising: an average particle size of less than ten micrometers; and gaps between said oxide particles comprising an average width of less than ten micrometers; a heating element embedded in said solid state source, wherein, during use, heat from said heating element heats said film of oxide particles to at least seven hundred degrees via thermal conduction, resultant in the oxide particles emitting the infrared light, the infrared light comprising photons in the range of 1.1 to 20 micrometers. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, said heating element further comprising: a connection for connecting to an duty cycle driver, wherein the pulsed current heats said heating element during use. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, said film of oxide particles further comprising: a deposited filler in the gaps between said oxide particles. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, said film of oxide particles formed through deposition. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising at least one of boron oxide and silicon oxide interspersed between said oxide particles. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising: a non-air material filling at least half of a volume occupied by the gaps between the oxide particles. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein at least ninety percent of said oxide particles comprises a form of zinc oxide. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, said heating element further comprising: a deposited electrically conductive metal oxide film. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising: at least one electrical insulating layer between said deposited electrically conductive metal oxide film and said film of oxide particles. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, said metal oxide film further comprising: a zinc oxide deposit.