# US 10,313,793 B2 · Passive and active virtual height filter systems for upward firing drivers > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,313,793 B2 - Document ID: US10313793B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/316,498 - Filed: 2015-06-02 - Published: 2017-07-20 - Granted: 2019-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2014-06-03 - Assignees: Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation - Applicants: Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation - Inventors: Michael J. Smithers; Brett G. Crockett; Alan J. Seefeldt; C. Phillip Brown - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10313793B2 ## CPC - H04R 5/02: Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers - H04R 1/26: Spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges - H04R 3/04: for correcting frequency response - H04R 3/12: for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers {(specially adapted for hearing aids H04R25/407)} - H04R 3/14: Cross-over networks - H04S 7/00: Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control - H04S 7/30: {Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field} - H04S 7/307: {Frequency adjustment, e.g. tone control (H04S7/301 takes precedence)} - H04S 7/308: {Electronic adaptation dependent on speaker or headphone connection} - H04S 2400/11: Positioning of individual sound objects, e.g. moving airplane, within a sound field (H04S2420/13 takes precedence) - H04S 2420/03: Application of parametric coding in stereophonic audio systems - H04R: LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS (producing sounds with frequency not determined by supply frequency G10K) - H04S: STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS ## Abstract Embodiments are directed to a virtual height filter for use with or in an upward-firing speaker system that reflects sound off a ceiling to a listening location at a distance from a speaker, and that provides height cues to reproduce audio objects that have overhead audio components. A virtual height filter based on a directional hearing model is applied to the upward-firing driver signal to improve the perception of height for audio signals transmitted by the virtual height speaker to provide optimum reproduction of the overhead reflected sound. The virtual height filter is provided by any one or combination of analog or digital filter circuits, or mechanical structures including speaker grill, enclosure, or driver design or configuration. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus comprising: an interface to a speaker system having at least an upward-firing driver transmitting reflected sound waves relative to a direct-firing driver; and a virtual height filter applying a frequency response curve to a signal transmitted to the upward-firing driver to create a target transfer curve that imparts a frequency response to the reflected sound waves that accentuates a perception of virtual height to a listener in the listening environment. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the virtual height filter compensates for height cues present in sound waves transmitted directly through the listening environment in favor of height cues present in the reflected sound waves projected off a surface of the listening environment. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the virtual height filter comprises an active system including at least one of an analog filter circuit and a digital filter circuit, and wherein the digital filter circuit comprises a digital signal processing (DSP) circuit. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a grill covering at least a portion a speaker driver having a cone producing the reflected sound waves, and affixed at a defined distance proximate the driver, the grill configured to impart a frequency response to the sound waves and that provides at least some of the functions of the virtual height filter. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the configuration of the grill designed to impart the frequency response includes at least one of: a shape and contour of the grill, a distance from the grill to the speaker driver, and a number, size, and pattern of perforations or mesh pattern of the grill. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the one or more components comprises a structural component of an enclosure enclosing the upward-firing driver and configured to impart a frequency response to the sound waves and that provides at least some of the functions of the virtual height filter. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the structural component comprises one of: a shape and size of the enclosure, interior baffling of the enclosure, interior resonance chambers of the enclosure. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the virtual height filtering function applied by the virtual height filter comprises a pinna filter response curve that compensates for height cues present in the sound waves transmitted directly through the listening environment in favor of height cues present in the reflected sound waves reflected off the surface of the listening environment. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the virtual height filter is configured to produce a peak response in the response curve, and another of the components is configured to produce a dip in the response curve. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the peak response is at approximately 7 kHz, and the dip is at approximately 12 kHz. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a monotonic boost component to augment the response curve with a high frequency boost in order to achieve a flatter overall frequency response at a listening position within the listening environment. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the monotonic boost component is configured to provide a high frequency boost into a target frequency response of a reference-axis measurement of the upward firing driver to compensate for attenuation of high frequencies due to differential directional radiation and reflection off of the surface. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the monotonic boost component is configured to provide 4 dB per octave boost starting at 5 kHz. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The virtual height filter of claim 1 further comprising one or more components configured to produce a broad frequency response curve generally defining the virtual height speaker, and another component is configured to correct for errors and conform the broad frequency response to a closer approximation of the virtual height filter. ### Claim 15 A virtual height filter for use in a speaker system reflecting sound waves off a room ceiling to a listening position in the room, comprising: an active virtual height filter circuit configured to generate at least part of a frequency response curve to a signal transmitted to an upward-firing driver to create a target transfer curve that compensates for height cues present in sound waves transmitted directly through the room in favor of height cues present in the sound reflected off the ceiling by at least partially removing directional cues from the speaker location and at least partially inserting directional cues from the reflection point; and a passive virtual height filter system configured to generate at least part of the frequency response curve, and incorporated in a mechanical aspect of the upward-firing driver or an enclosure enclosing the upward-firing driver. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The virtual height filter of claim 15, wherein the active virtual height filter circuit comprises at least one of an analog filter circuit and a digital filter circuit, and wherein the digital filter circuit comprises a digital signal processing (DSP) circuit. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The virtual height filter of claim 15 wherein the passive virtual height filter system comprises at least one of: a grill covering at least a portion a speaker driver having a cone producing the sound waves, and affixed at a defined distance proximate the driver, the grill configured to impart a frequency response to the sound waves and that provides at least some of the functions of the virtual height filter; and a structural component of the enclosure configured to impart a frequency response to the sound waves and that provides at least some of the functions of the virtual height filter. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The virtual height filter of claim 17 wherein the configuration of the grill designed to impart the frequency response includes at least one of: a shape and contour of the grill, a distance from the grill to the speaker driver, and a number, size, and pattern of perforations or mesh pattern of the grill. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The virtual height filter of claim 18 wherein the structural component comprises one of: a shape and size of the enclosure, interior baffling of the enclosure, interior resonance chambers of the enclosure. ### Claim 20 (depends on 15) The virtual height filter of claim 15 wherein the virtual height filtering function applied by the one or more components comprises a pinna filter response curve that compensates for height cues present in the sound waves transmitted directly through the listening environment in favor of height cues present in the sound reflected off the surface of the listening environment. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The virtual height filter of claim 20 wherein at least one of the one or more components is configured to produce a peak response of the virtual height filter, and another of the components is configured to produce a dip in the response of the virtual height filter. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The virtual height filter of claim 20 wherein at least one of the one or more components is configured to produce a broad frequency response curve generally defining the virtual height speaker, and another component is configured to correct for errors and conform the broad frequency response to a closer approximation of the virtual height filter. ### Claim 23 A method for providing a virtual height filter transfer function to speaker system having an upward-firing driver reflecting sound off of a surface in a room, the method comprising: providing an active virtual height filter circuit configured to generate at least part of a frequency response curve to a signal transmitted to an upward-firing driver to create a target transfer curve that compensates for height cues present in sound waves transmitted directly through the room in favor of height cues present in the sound reflected off the surface by at least partially removing directional cues from the speaker location and at least partially inserting directional cues from the reflection point; and providing a passive virtual height filter system configured to generate at least part of the frequency response curve, and incorporated in a mechanical aspect of the upward-firing driver or an enclosure enclosing the upward-firing driver. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23 wherein the speaker system plays back audio content comprises object-based audio having height cues representing sound emanating from an apparent source located above a listener in a room encompassing the speaker. ### Claim 25 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23 wherein the active virtual height filter circuit comprises at least one of an analog filter circuit and a digital filter circuit, and wherein the digital filter circuit comprises a digital signal processing (DSP) circuit. ### Claim 26 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23 wherein the passive virtual height filter system comprises at least one of: a grill covering at least a portion a speaker driver having a cone producing the sound waves, and affixed at a defined distance proximate the driver, the grill configured to impart a frequency response to the sound waves and that provides at least some of the functions of the virtual height filter; and a structural component of the enclosure configured to impart a frequency response to the sound waves and that provides at least some of the functions of the virtual height filter. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26 wherein the configuration of the grill designed to impart the frequency response includes at least one of: a shape and contour of the grill, a distance from the grill to the speaker driver, and a number, size, and pattern of perforations or mesh pattern of the grill. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method of claim 27 wherein the structural component comprises one of: a shape and size of the enclosure, interior baffling of the enclosure, interior resonance chambers of the enclosure. ### Claim 29 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23 wherein the virtual height filtering function applied by the one or more components comprises a pinna filter response curve that compensates for height cues present in the sound waves transmitted directly through the listening environment in favor of height cues present in the sound reflected off the surface of the listening environment. ### Claim 30 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23 further comprising providing a high frequency boost to augment the response curve in order to achieve a flatter overall frequency response at a listening position within the listening environment. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The method of claim 30 wherein the high frequency boost is provided in a target frequency response of a reference-axis measurement of the upward firing driver to compensate for attenuation of high frequencies due to differential directional radiation and reflection off of the surface. ### Claim 32 (depends on 30) The method of claim 30 wherein the high frequency boost provides 4 dB per octave boost starting at 5 kHz.