# US 10,313,091 B2 · Robust electromagnetic compatibility performance for in-vehicle Ethernet PHYs utilizing time division duplexing > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,313,091 B2 - Document ID: US10313091B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/135,302 - Filed: 2016-04-21 - Published: 2017-05-11 - Granted: 2019-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2015-11-06 - Assignees: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte. Limited - Applicants: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte. Limited - Inventors: Ahmad Chini; Mehmet V. Tazebay - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10313091B2 ## CPC - H04L 5/14: Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex - H04B 1/3822: specially adapted for use in vehicles (H04B1/3827 takes precedence) - H04L 12/4035: {in which slots of a TDMA packet structure are assigned based on a contention resolution carried out at a master unit (TDM/TDMA multiplex systems per se H04J3/1694; hybrid switching systems H04L12/64)} - H04L 47/30: in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes - H04L 2012/40273: {the transportation system being a vehicle} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract Currently, there exists low power Ethernet PHY solutions running at 10 Gbps over twin-ax cables with SFP+ connectors. However, the cost and range of these cables, along with the size of the connectors, do not match the requirements of in-vehicle networks. If the cable is replaced with a single pair of shielded or coaxial cables, a different mechanism is needed to provide bi-directional communication. Time division duplexing (TDD) can be used to emulate full duplex communication over the single pair of cables by taking turns, in time, transmitting data over the pair of cables in each direction. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An Ethernet transceiver within a first electronic domain of an in-vehicle network, comprising: a media access control (MAC) controller; and a physical layer (PHY) device comprising: a transmit buffer configured to buffer a plurality of frames of first media independent interface (MII) data received from the MAC controller over a first path and to cause the MAC controller to pause transmission of the plurality of frames of first MII data to the transmit buffer before being filled; a receive buffer configured to buffer a plurality of frames of second MII data for transmission to the MAC controller over a second path; a transmitter configured to convert a first frame from among the plurality of frames of first MII data buffered by the transmit buffer from a first-bit packet stream to a second-bit packet stream, the second-bit packet stream having fewer bits than the first-bit packet stream, to map the second-bit packet stream to a plurality of first bit streams, and to multiplex the plurality of first bit streams into a first single stream to form a transmit signal for transmission over a single pair of cables to a second Ethernet transceiver within a second electronic domain of the in-vehicle network during a first transmit time of a time-division duplex (TDD) frame; a receiver configured to receive a receive signal received over the single pair of cables from the second Ethernet transceiver during a second transmit time of the TDD frame, to demultiplex the receive signal from a second single stream to a plurality of second bit streams, to map the plurality of second bit streams to a third-bit packet stream, and to convert the third-bit packet stream to a fourth-bit packet stream, the third-bit packet stream having fewer bits than the fourth-bit packet stream, to provide a second frame from among the second plurality of frames of MII data to the receive buffer for buffering; and a time-division duplex (TDD) controller configured to control when the transmitter starts transmitting the transmit signal during the first transmit time of the TDD frame over the single pair of cables to the second Ethernet transceiver and to adapt a duration of the first transmit time of the TDD frame in which the transmitter transmits the transmit signal over the single pair of cables to the second Ethernet transceiver. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein the TDD controller is configured to adapt the duration. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 2, wherein the TDD controller is configured to adapt the duration based on an amount of the plurality of frames of first MII data buffered by the transmit buffer. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein the TDD controller is configured to adapt a length of time of the TDD frame. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein PHY device further comprises a hybrid configured to isolate the receiver from the single pair of cables based on the transmitter transmitting the transmit signal over the single pair of cables. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein the TDD controller is further configured to control the receiver to stop adaptation of an equalizer or cross-talk canceler implemented by the receiver based on the transmitter transmitting the transmit signal over the single pair of cables. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein the MAC controller is a 10 gigabit per second (Gbps) MAC controller compliant with the IEEE 802.3 standard. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein the single pair of cables are shielded or coaxial cables. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein the first transmit time of the TDD frame and the second transmit time of the TDD frame are separated in time by an Inter Burst Gap (IBG), and wherein the second transmit time of the TDD frame extends from the IBG to an end of the TDD frame less an amount of time reserved for an Inter Frame Gap (IFG). ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein the first electronic domain and the second electronic domain are from among a plurality of electronic domains of an automobile, the plurality of electronic domains comprising: a power train domain, a human-machine interface (HMI) domain, a body/comfort domain, a chassis domain, and a driver assistance domain. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein the transmit signal comprises: a first sequence of bits marking a start of the TDD frame; and a second sequence of bits marking an end of the TDD frame. ### Claim 12 An Ethernet transceiver in an in-vehicle network, comprising: a media access control (MAC) controller; and a physical layer (PHY) device comprising: a transmit buffer configured to buffer a plurality of frames of first media independent interface (MII) data received from the MAC controller over a first path and to cause the MAC controller to pause transmission of the plurality of frames of first MII data to the transmit buffer before being filled; a receive buffer configured to buffer a plurality of frames of second MII data for transmission to the MAC controller over a second path; a transmitter configured to convert a first frame from among the plurality of frames of first MII data buffered by the transmit buffer from a first-bit packet stream to a second-bit packet stream, the second-bit packet stream having fewer bits than the first-bit packet stream, to map the second-bit packet stream to a plurality of first bit streams, and to multiplex the plurality of first bit streams into a first single stream to form a transmit signal for transmission over a single pair of cables to a second Ethernet transceiver in the in-vehicle network during a first transmit time of a time-division duplex (TDD) frame; a receiver configured to demultiplex a receive signal received over the single pair of cables from the second Ethernet transceiver during a second transmit time of the TDD frame from a second single stream to a plurality of second bit streams, to map the plurality of second bit streams to a third-bit packet stream, and to convert the third-bit packet stream to a fourth-bit packet stream, the third-bit packet stream having fewer bits than the fourth-bit packet stream, to provide a second frame from among the plurality of frames of second MII data to the receive buffer for buffering; and a time-division duplex (TDD) controller configured to adapt a duration of time the transmitter transmits the transmit signal during the first transmit time of the TDD frame over the single pair of cables to the second Ethernet transceiver. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 12, wherein the TDD controller is configured to adapt the duration based on an amount of the plurality of frames of first MII data buffered by the transmit buffer. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 13, wherein the TDD controller is configured to adapt a length of time of the TDD frame. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 12, wherein the single pair of cables are shielded or coaxial cables. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The Ethernet transceiver of claim 12, wherein the first transmit time of the TDD frame and the second transmit time of the TDD frame are separated in time by an Inter Frame Gap (IFG). ### Claim 17 A physical layer (PHY) device, comprising: a transmit buffer configured to buffer a plurality of frames of first media independent interface (MII) data received from a media access control (MAC) controller over a first path and to cause the MAC controller to pause transmission of the plurality of frames of first MII data to the transmit buffer before being filled; a receive buffer configured to buffer a plurality of frames of second MII data for transmission to the MAC controller over a second path; a transmitter configured to convert a first frame from among the plurality of frames of first MII data buffered by the transmit buffer from a first-bit packet stream to a second-bit packet stream, the second-bit packet stream having fewer bits than the first-bit packet stream, to map the second-bit packet stream to a plurality of first bit streams, and to multiplex the plurality of first bit streams into a first single stream to form a transmit signal for transmission over a single pair of cables to a second Ethernet transceiver in an in-vehicle network during a first transmit time of a time-division duplex (TDD) frame; a receiver configured to receive a receive signal received over the single pair of cables from the second Ethernet transceiver during a second transmit time of the TDD frame, to demultiplex the receive signal from a second single stream to a plurality of second bit streams, to map the plurality of second bit streams to a third-bit packet stream, and to convert the third-bit packet stream to a fourth-bit packet stream, the third-bit packet stream having fewer bits than the fourth-bit packet stream, to provide a second frame from among the second plurality of frames of MII data to the receive buffer for buffering; and a TDD controller configured to control when the transmitter starts transmitting the transmit signal during the first transmit time of the TDD frame over the single pair of cables to the second Ethernet transceiver and a duration of the first transmit time of the TDD frame in which the transmitter transmits the transmit signal over the single pair of cables to the second Ethernet transceiver. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The PHY device of claim 17, wherein the TDD controller is configured to adapt the duration. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The PHY device of claim 18, wherein the TDD controller is configured to adapt the duration based on an amount of the plurality of frames of first MII data buffered by the transmit buffer. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The PHY device of claim 17, wherein the TDD controller is configured to adapt a length of time of the TDD frame. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17) The PHY device of claim 17, further comprising: a hybrid configured to isolate the receiver from the single pair of cables based on the transmitter transmitting the transmit signal over the single pair of cables. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The PHY device of claim 17, wherein the TDD controller is further configured to control the receiver to stop adaptation of an equalizer or cross-talk canceler implemented by the receiver based on the transmitter transmitting the transmit signal over the single pair of cables. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) The PHY device of claim 17, wherein the MAC controller is a 10 gigabit per second (Gbps) MAC controller compliant with the IEEE 802.3 standard. ### Claim 24 (depends on 17) The PHY device of claim 17, wherein the single pair of cables are shielded or coaxial cables. ### Claim 25 (depends on 17) The PHY device of claim 17, wherein the first transmit time of the TDD frame and the second transmit time of the TDD frame are separated in time by an Inter Frame Gap (IFG).