# US 10,312,980 B2 · Method and apparatus for multiuser MIMO beamforming training > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,312,980 B2 - Document ID: US10312980B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/345,398 - Filed: 2016-11-07 - Published: 2017-05-11 - Granted: 2019-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2015-11-06 - Assignees: Futurewei Technologies, Inc. - Applicants: Futurewei Technologies, Inc. - Inventors: Diana Maamari; Majid Ghanbarinejad; George Calcev - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10312980B2 ## CPC - H04B 7/0452: Multi-user MIMO systems - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04B 7/0632: {Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]} - H04B 7/06958: {Multistage beam selection, e.g. beam refinement} - H04B 7/088: {using beam selection} - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract A method for beamforming training is disclosed including SNR values with each of the SNR values associated with one of the antenna identifiers (IDs) in a first frame identifying different radio frequency (RF) chains for a process of beamforming training; receiving and transmitting the first frame bi-directionally between multiple pairs of communicating nodes, wherein each pair of the communicating nodes has at least one initiator node and one responder node; receiving feedback of the SNRs associated with the antenna IDs from two or more responder nodes of the multiple pairs of the communicating nodes to choose an RF chain as favorable transmit antenna for transmission; and determining respective one from the multiple antenna sectors of the multiple antennas for transmission for the responder nodes according to the feedback. A central network controller and a system are also disclosed herein. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for beamforming training, comprising: signaling a plurality of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values with each of the SNR values associated with one of a plurality of antenna identifiers (IDs) in a first frame identifying different radio frequency (RF) chains for a process of beamforming training, the RF chains being connected to multiple physical antenna elements with multiple antenna sectors, wherein each of the multiple antenna sectors is identified with a sector ID; receiving and transmitting the first frame bi-directionally between multiple pairs of communicating nodes, wherein each pair of the communicating nodes has at least one initiator node and one responder node; receiving a feedback comprising the SNR values associated with the antenna IDs from two or more responder nodes of the multiple pairs of the communicating nodes to choose an RF chain as a transmit antenna for transmission; determining respective one from the multiple antenna sectors of the multiple physical antenna elements for transmission for the responder nodes according to the feedback; selecting a number of antennas as transmit antennas for the responder nodes; signaling the first frame from the number of antennas respectively; and transmitting the first frame a number of times equal to a maximum number of the selected transmit antennas. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: keeping a receive state for each responder node until all responder nodes have performed the feedback. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna ID is encoded in a field of the first frame being allocated for the antenna sector and the field is encoded as more than 2 bits. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first frame is a sector sweep (SSW) frame, wherein the SSW frame further comprises a plurality of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) values with each of the SINR values associated with one of the antenna IDs. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting pairing frames to assign antennas with all the feedbacks having been received from the two or more responders. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a single beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet for the process of beamforming training from the multiple physical antenna elements to all responder nodes; and appending training fields with the BRP packet. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising: when the training fields being appended with the BRP packet; changing directions of an associated antenna of the multiple physical antenna elements sequentially so that the responder node in the pair detects different beams sent from the associated antenna. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising: transmitting the training fields from an antenna port while other antenna ports are silenced. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the training fields appended to the BRP packet are silenced while other training fields are transmitted. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the BRP packet from different antennas are transmitted with a delay. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: pairing a first antenna with a first responder node according to the feedback from the first responder node, information gained from the first pairing is configured to be used for a second antenna with a second responder node; repeating the process of the first responder node and the second responder node for the next responder nodes. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: assigning different antenna and antenna sector for each responder node with a multicast frame, wherein the multicast frame further comprises a descriptor set mapping the antenna sector to the responder node, wherein the descriptor set maps different training fields to different antennas for different communicating node. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a packet containing periods of no transmission from one or more antennas in a packet-based communication network. ### Claim 14 A central network controller for beamforming training, comprising: a non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions; and a processor which upon execution of said instructions performs the following: signaling a plurality of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values with each of the SNR values associated with one of a plurality of antenna identifiers (IDs) in a first frame identifying different radio frequency (RF) chains for a process of beamforming training, the RF chains being connected to multiple physical antenna elements with multiple antenna sectors, wherein each of the multiple antenna sectors is identified with a sector ID; receiving and transmitting the first frame bi-directionally between multiple pairs of communicating nodes, wherein each pair of the communicating nodes has at least one initiator node and one responder node; receiving a feedback of the SNR values associated with the antenna IDs from two or more responder nodes of the multiple pairs of the communicating nodes to choose an RF chain as a transmit antenna for transmission; determining respective one from the multiple antenna sectors of the multiple physical antenna elements for transmission for the responder nodes according to the feedback; selecting a number of antennas as transmit antennas for the responder nodes; signaling the first frame from the number of antennas respectively; and transmitting the first frame a number of times equal to a maximum number of the selected transmit antennas. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The controller of claim 14, further comprising additional instructions that when executed by the processor perform the following: keeping a receive state for each responder node until all responder nodes have performed the feedback. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The controller of claim 14, further comprising: wherein the first frame is a sector sweep (SSW) frame, wherein the SSW frame further comprises a plurality of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) values with each of the SINR values associated with one of the antenna IDs. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The controller of claim 14, further comprising additional instructions that when executed by the processor perform the following: transmitting a single beam refinement protocol (BRP) packet for the process of beamforming training from the multiple physical antenna elements to all responder nodes; and appending training fields with the BRP packet.