# US 10,312,876 B2 · Method and apparatus for adaptive transmit power control

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- Number: US 10,312,876 B2
- Document ID: US10312876B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/972,427
- Filed: 2018-05-07
- Published: 2018-09-06
- Granted: 2019-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2014-05-29
- Assignees: Entropic Communications, Inc.
- Applicants: Entropic Communications, LLC.
- Inventors: Branislav Petrovic
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10312876B2

## CPC

- H03G 3/3042: {in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers}
- H03F 3/19: with semiconductor devices only
- H03F 3/245: {with semiconductor devices only}
- H03G 3/20: Automatic control ({H03G3/005 takes precedence;} combined with volume compression or expansion H03G7/00)
- H03G 3/34: Muting amplifier when no signal is present
- H03G 3/344: {Muting responsive to the amount of noise (noise squelch) (H03G3/345 takes precedence)}
- H04B 17/13: of power amplifiers, e.g. gain or non-linearity
- H04B 17/14: of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back
- H04L 27/367: {using predistortion}
- H03F 2200/294: the amplifier being a low noise amplifier [LNA]
- H03F 2200/451: the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
- H03G: CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03F: AMPLIFIERS
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

Systems and methods for dynamically adjusting transmit gain in a transceiver. The gain is adjusted in order to provide the maximum gain. The amount of distortion is measured. The gain is increased until the distortion reaches a predetermined limit. The gain of several components can be adjusted independently.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A transceiver comprising:
a variable gain power amplifier (PA), the PA configured to receive a signal to be transmitted, and provide gain to the signal to be transmitted;
a circuit comprising:
a first resistor having a first and second terminal, the first terminal of the first resistor coupled to an output of the PA;
a switch having a first and second terminal, the second terminal of the first resistor coupled to the first terminal of the switch; and
a second resistor having a first and second terminal, the first terminal of the second resistor coupled to the second terminal of the switch and the second terminal of the second resistor coupled to an input to a low noise amplifier (LNA); and
a processor that is:
coupled to the PA and to an output of the circuit; and
configured to:
provide the signal to be transmitted to the PA; and
configure a gain level of the PA based on a measured distortion of the signal to be transmitted.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The transceiver of claim 1, comprising:
a transmit block, wherein signals coupled from the processor to an input of the PA are coupled through the transmit block; and
wherein signals coupled from the circuit to the processor are coupled through the LNA.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The transceiver of claim 2, comprising a receive block, wherein signals coupled between the LNA and the processor are coupled through the receive block.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The transceiver of claim 2, comprising a transmit/receive (T/R) switch having a first input/output (I/O) terminal, a second I/O terminal and a common terminal, the first I/O terminal coupled to the output of the PA, the second I/O terminal coupled to an input of the LNA and the common terminal switchable to make connection with either the first I/O terminal or the second I/O terminal and wherein the circuit is formed by the leakage from the first I/O terminal to the second I/O terminal between the output of the PA and the input of the LNA.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to provide a test signal to the PA to be transmitted during times at which transmission of test signals will not interfere with operations of a network.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to: receive information intended to be transmitted to a receiver over a network; modulate the information; and couple the modulated information to the PA.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The transceiver of claim 1, wherein the distortion measurement comprises a measurement of an amount of amplitude compression in a peak amplitude of a loop-back signal.

### Claim 8 (depends on 2)

The transceiver of claim 2, wherein:
the transmit block includes a pre-amplifier;
the processor is configured to:
set a gain of the pre-amplifier independent of the PA based on the determination of whether the distortion to the signal coupled from the output of the circuit is above an acceptable limit, wherein:
if the distortion to the signal coupled from the output of the circuit is above the acceptable limit, the gain provided by the pre-amplifier is increased; and
if the distortion to the signal coupled from the output of the circuit is below the acceptable limit, the gain provided by the pre-amplifier is decreased.

### Claim 9 (depends on 3)

The transceiver of claim 3, wherein:
the receive block includes a digital to analog converter (DAC); the processor is configured to:
control a gain of digital inputs to the DAC; set the gain of the digital inputs to the DAC independent of the PA based on the determination of whether the distortion to the signal coupled from the output of the circuit is above an acceptable limit, wherein:
if the distortion to the signal coupled from the output of the circuit is above the acceptable limit, the gain of the digital inputs to the DAC is decreased; and
if the distortion to the signal coupled from the output of the circuit is below the acceptable limit, the gain of the digital inputs to the DAC is increased.

### Claim 10

A method for adjusting the gain of a transmitter, the method comprising:
amplifying a transmit signal with an adjustable gain power amplifier (PA);
communicating a loopback signal, based on said amplified transmit signal, to an input of a low noise amplifier (LNA) using a first resistor coupled to an output of said PA and to a second resistor, said second resistor coupled to said input of said LNA and said first and second resistors coupled by a switch for said communicating said loopback signal; and
measuring the amount of distortion in said loop-back signal and configuring a gain of the PA based on the measured distortion.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the distortion measurement is made based on measurements of a peak amplitude of the loop-back signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, comprising performing said amplifying and measuring for each component of a transmit chain for which gain of the component can be adjusted.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, comprising transmitting the transmit signal to an operational load while measuring distortion on the loop-back signal.

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the distortion measurement is made based on measurements of a peak to average ratio of the loop-back signal.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the distortion measurement is made based on amplitude compression in a peak amplitude of the loop-back signal.

### Claim 16 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the distortion measurement is made based on both phase compression and amplitude compression in a peak amplitude of the loop-back signal.

### Claim 17 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the distortion measurement is made based on transmit modulation error rate (MER) for the loop-back signal.

### Claim 18 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the transmit signal is a test tone that is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signal comprising a plurality of carriers upon which test data is modulated.

### Claim 19 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the transmit signal comprises live transmit signals modulated with information intended for reception by a receiver.

### Claim 20

A transceiver comprising:
a variable gain power amplifier (PA), the PA configured to receive a signal to be transmitted, and provide gain to the signal to be transmitted;
a loopback circuit comprising a switch and first and second resistors, each having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first resistor coupled to an output of the PA, the second terminal of the first resistor coupled to the first terminal of the switch, the first terminal of the second resistor coupled to the second terminal of the switch, and the second terminal of the second resistor coupled to a low noise amplifier; and
a processor that is:
coupled to the PA and to an output of the loopback circuit; and
configured to:
provide the signal to be transmitted to the PA; and
configure a gain level of the PA based on a measured distortion of the signal to be transmitted.