# US 10,312,856 B2 · Photovoltaic modular connector system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,312,856 B2 - Document ID: US10312856B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/274,293 - Filed: 2016-09-23 - Published: 2018-03-29 - Granted: 2019-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2016-09-23 - Assignees: Hall Labs LLC - Applicants: David R. Hall; Seth Myer - Inventors: David R. Hall; Seth Myer - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10312856B2 ## CPC - H02S 40/36: characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection - H02S 20/26: Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements (H02S20/25 takes precedence) - H02S 20/30: Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment - H02S 40/30: Electrical components - H10F 77/939: {Output lead wires or elements} - H10F 19/80: Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells - Y02B 10/10: Photovoltaic [PV] - Y02E 10/50: Photovoltaic [PV] energy - Y02E 10/56: Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers - H02S: GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES (obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources G21H1/12; light sensitive inorganic semiconductor devices H10F; light sensitive organic semiconductor devices H10K30/00; thermoelectric devices H10N10/00; pyroelectric devices H10N15/00) - H10F: INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract A photovoltaic modular connector system is disclosed. Electrically conductive contacts embedded into the surface of each of one or more photovoltaic (PV) modules provide the connection point for two PV modules to be connected together. PV modules are connected together by removing a protective backing material from an adhesive area surrounding a first set of contacts of a first PV module, and adhering to an adhesive area surrounding a second set of contacts of a second PV module, the adhesive making the connection and sealing and protecting the contact area. No external wiring, connectors or devices are required to make the electrical connection between two PV modules. Contacts are integral and embedded into the surface of each individual PV module. The PV modules have adhesive on the back to allow them to be adhesively attached to a surface without additional mounting hardware. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A photovoltaic (PV) modular connector system comprising: two or more photovoltaic (PV) modular connectors, each modular connector comprising: electrical wiring connected to a first photovoltaic (PV) module; two or more contacts connected to the electrical wiring, wherein the two or more contacts comprise an electrically conductive material, embedded into a surface of the first PV module; the surface of the first PV module further comprising an area comprising electrically insulating adhesive separating the two or more contacts from each other; wherein the first PV module is adhesively attached and electrically connected to a second PV module; wherein at least two parallel contacts of the two or more contacts are flat and parallel to the surface and parallel to a long side of a bottom surface of the first PV module; wherein the second PV module further comprises a set of perpendicular contacts that are flat and parallel to the surface and perpendicular to a long side of a top surface of the second PV module; and wherein the parallel contacts of the first PV module are configured to allow a misaligned mating with the perpendicular contacts of the second PV module when the first PV module is placed on top of the second PV module. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the electrical wiring connected to the two or more contacts is completely encapsulated and electrically insulated; and wherein all but one surface of the two or more contacts are encapsulated, allowing only one surface of each of the two or more contacts to be exposed on an exterior surface of the first PV module. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the two or more contacts and the set of contacts are comprised of one or more of electrically conductive materials comprising alloys of copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, silver, graphite, tungsten, and carbide. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the two or more contacts and the set of contacts are coated with an electrically conductive adhesive. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The PV modular connector system of claim 4, wherein the electrically conductive adhesive comprises one or more electrically conductive materials of carbon, graphite, tungsten, graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbide. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The PV modular connector system of claim 4, wherein the electrically conductive adhesive area covers an entire area of one or more contacts and extends at least 0.5 cm beyond each boundary edge of a surface of the one or more contacts. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the two or more contacts in the first PV module are embedded with a foam backing providing load deflection forcing the two or more contacts outward from the first PV module towards the set of contacts in the second PV module. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the two or more contacts and the set of contacts are coated with an electrically conductive metal with a melting point in the range of between 28 and 45 degrees Celsius from one or more alloys comprising: gallium, rubidium and phosphorus. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating adhesive allows for expansion and contraction. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating adhesive of the first PV module are adhesively connected to the second PV module creating an air tight and moisture tight seal encapsulating the two or more contacts and the set of contacts. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The PV modular connector system of claim 10, wherein a surface area of the electrically insulating adhesive creating an air tight and moisture tight seal surrounding the two or more contacts is at least 2 cm. in width. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the two or more contacts are rated for a total combined electrical current flow of the first PV module, the second PV module, and additional one or more connected PV modules. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein a surface area between two adjacent contacts of the two or more contacts on the first module is at least 2.0 cm. in width. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the first PV module has a notch for viewing an alignment line printed on the surface of the second PV module. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the first PV module has an alignment line printed on the surface for visual alignment of the second PV module. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating adhesive area is covered by a protective backing material; wherein the protective backing material is removed at the time of installation, exposing the adhesive. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The PV modular connector system of claim 1, wherein each area of an attachment surface of the first PV module is covered with module adhesive and a module protective backing material, allowing the module protective backing material to be removed and exposing the module adhesive.