# US 10,312,724 B2 · Implementation of high-voltage direct-charging 2:1 switched-capacitor converter for battery charging of electronic devices > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,312,724 B2 - Document ID: US10312724B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/600,244 - Filed: 2017-05-19 - Published: 2018-11-22 - Granted: 2019-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2017-05-19 - Assignees: NXP B.V. - Applicants: NXP B.V. - Inventors: Peter Christiaans; Robert Glenn Crosby, II - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10312724B2 ## CPC - H02J 7/04: Regulation of charging current or voltage - H02M 3/07: using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode {, e.g. charge pumps} - H02M 3/072: {adapted to generate an output voltage whose value is lower than the input voltage} - H02M 3/077: {with parallel connected charge pump stages} - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) ## Abstract A power converter including a power conditioning circuit to receive input power and set operating voltages of the power converter, a current sensing circuit to determine an input current of the power converter, a voltage regulation circuit to step down a voltage level of the input power, a charge pump circuit to store charge delivered by the voltage regulation circuit and output to a load a current larger than the input current, and a power path controller to control switching and provide feedback within the power converter. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A power converter, comprising: a power conditioning circuit configured to receive input power and set operating voltages of the power converter; wherein the input power includes an input current and an input voltage; a current sensing circuit to determine the input current of the power converter; a voltage regulation circuit configured to step down the input voltage of the input power; a charge pump circuit configured to store charge delivered by the voltage regulation circuit and to output to a load a current larger than the input current; a power path controller configured to control switching and provide feedback within the power converter; and a plurality of back gate transistors to block leakage current from the output current to the input current. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The power converter of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulation circuit comprises a single transistor and driver circuit. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The power converter of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulation circuit comprises a pair of transistors that are switched at a fifty percent duty cycle. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The power converter of claim 1, wherein the charge pump circuit includes a pair of flying capacitors that are alternatively switched to provide power to a load. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The power converter of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulation circuit comprises a pair of input transistors and the charge pump circuit includes a pair of back gate transistors, a pair of mid-point transistors, and a pair of grounding transistors. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The power converter of claim 5, wherein an input transistor and a mid-point transistor are switched ON to charge the charge pump and are switched OFF to discharge the charge pump. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The power converter of claim 5, wherein a back gate transistor and a grounding transistor are switched ON to discharge the charge pump and are switched OFF to charge the charge pump. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) The power converter of claim 5, wherein the back gate transistors are turned ON to prevent reverse current in the power converter from output to input. ### Claim 9 (depends on 5) The power converter of claim 5, further comprising a pair of input drivers, a pair of back gate drivers, a pair of mid-point drivers, and a pair of grounding drivers. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The power converter of claim 9, wherein the power conditioning circuit provides operating power to the input drivers, back gate drivers, mid-point drivers, and grounding drivers. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The power converter of claim 9, wherein the power path controller receives current and voltage measurements and provides logic signals to the input drivers, back gate drivers, mid-point drivers, and grounding drivers. ### Claim 12 A method of charging a power adapter having a power converter, comprising: providing input power to the power converter; wherein the input power includes an input current and an input voltage; using the input power to provide operating power to a plurality of driver circuits within the power converter; controlling a voltage regulation circuit and a charge pump circuit to reduce the input voltage and increase an output current to a load of the power adapter; and switching a pair of back gate transistors to prevent reverse current from the output current to the input current in the power converter. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, further comprising switching ON a first input transistor of the voltage regulation circuit and switching ON a first mid-point transistor of the charge pump circuit to charge a first flying capacitor of the charge pump circuit in a first half cycle. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, further comprising switching ON a second input transistor of the voltage regulation circuit and switching ON a second mid-point transistor of the charge pump circuit to charge a second flying capacitor of the charge pump circuit in a second half cycle. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, further comprising switching OFF a first back gate transistor of the charge pump circuit and switching OFF a first grounding transistor of the charge pump circuit to discharge a first flying capacitor of the charge pump circuit in a first half cycle. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising switching OFF a second back gate transistor of the charge pump circuit and switching OFF a second grounding transistor of the charge pump circuit to discharge a second flying capacitor of the charge pump circuit in a second half cycle.