# US 10,312,712 B2 · Charging system, charging method, and power adapter

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- Number: US 10,312,712 B2
- Document ID: US10312712B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/649,277
- Filed: 2017-07-13
- Published: 2018-02-01
- Granted: 2019-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2016-07-26
- Assignees: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd.
- Applicants: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd.
- Inventors: Jialiang Zhang; Shebiao Chen; Jun Zhang; Chen Tian; Shiming Wan; Jiada Li
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10312712B2

## CPC

- H04M 19/00: Current supply arrangements for telephone systems (for selecting-equipment H04Q1/28)
- G01R 31/2874: {related to temperature}
- H01F 27/425: {for voltage transformers}
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H02J 7/00: Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J 7/02: for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J 7/04: Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J 7/06: using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02J 7/1492: {by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery}
- H02J 7/2434: {with pulse modulation}
- H02J 7/44: between battery management systems and power sources
- H02J 7/448: {using switches, contacts or markings, e.g. optical, magnetic or barcode}
- H02J 7/50: acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J 7/70: characterised by the mechanical construction
- H02J 7/731: {specially adapted for holding portable devices containing batteries (H02J7/751 takes precedence)}
- H02J 7/751: {concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries}
- H02J 7/80: including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- H02J 7/92: with prioritisation of loads or sources
- H02J 7/927: {with introduction of pulses during the charging process}
- H02J 7/933: {the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters}
- H02J 7/96: in response to battery voltage
- H02J 7/975: {in response to temperature}
- H02M 1/08: Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M 3/156: with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M 3/33507: {with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters (H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence)}
- H02M 3/33515: {with digital control}
- H02M 3/33523: {with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop}
- H02M 3/33546: {with automatic control of the output voltage or current (H02M3/33561 takes precedence)}
- H02M 7/06: using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H01F 27/408: {Association with diode or rectifier}
- H01M 10/4257: {Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries}
- H02J 7/42: with electronic devices having internal batteries, e.g. mobile phones
- H02J 7/82: Control of state of charge [SOC]
- H02J 7/825: {Detection of fully charged condition}
- H02J 7/94: in response to battery current
- H02J 2207/10: Control circuit supply, e.g. means for supplying power to the control circuit
- H02J 2207/20: Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
- H02M 1/0009: {Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter}
- H02M 1/0048: {Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses (using snubbers H02M1/34)}
- H02M 5/458: using semiconductor devices only
- Y02D 30/70: in wireless communication networks
- H04M: TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION (circuits for controlling other apparatus via a telephone cable and not involving telephone switching apparatus G08)
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- H01F: MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE

## Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a charging system, a charging method and a power adapter. The system includes a power adapter and a terminal. The power adapter includes a first rectifier, a switch unit, a transformer, a second rectifier, a sampling unit, a control unit and a first isolation unit. The control unit outputs a control signal to the switch unit, and adjusts a duty ratio of the control signal according to a current value and/or voltage value sampled by the sampling unit, such that a third voltage with a third ripple waveform outputted by the second rectifier meets a charging requirement. The terminal includes a battery. When the terminal is coupled to the power adapter, the third voltage is applied to the battery.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A power adapter, comprising:
a first rectifier, configured to rectify an input alternating current and output a first voltage with a first ripple waveform;
a switch unit, configured to modulate the first voltage according to a control signal and output a modulated first voltage;
a transformer, having a primary winding and a secondary winding, and configured to output a second voltage with a second ripple waveform according to the modulated first voltage;
a second rectifier, coupled to the secondary winding, and configured to rectify the second voltage to output a third voltage with a third ripple waveform, wherein the third voltage is configured to be introduced into a terminal to charge a battery in the terminal when the power adapter is coupled to the terminal;
a sampling unit, arranged at a primary side of the transformer, configured to sample voltage and/or current at the primary winding;
a control unit, arranged at a secondary side of the transformer, coupled to the sampling unit and the switch unit respectively, and configured to output the control signal to the switch unit, wherein the control unit is further configured to change an output of the second rectifier by adjusting a duty ratio of the control signal according to the current sampling value and/or the voltage sampling value such that the third voltage meets a charging requirement of the battery of the terminal when the power adapter is coupled to the terminal; and
a first isolation unit, arranged between the control unit and the sampling unit, and configured to prevent high voltages from affecting the control unit at the secondary side of the transformer receiving signals sent by the sampling unit at the primary side of the transformer.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The power adapter according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is further configured to adjust a frequency of the control signal according to the voltage sampling value and/or the current sampling value.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The power adapter according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to communicate with the terminal so as to obtain status information of the terminal when the power adapter is coupled to the terminal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The power adapter according to claim 3, wherein the control unit is further configured to adjust the duty ratio of the control signal according to the voltage sampling value and/or the current sampling value and the status information of the terminal.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The power adapter according to claim 1, further comprising:
a driving unit, coupled between the switch unit and the control unit, and configured to drive the switch unit to switch on or off according to the control signal; and/or
a second isolation unit, coupled between the driving unit and the control unit.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The power adapter according to claim 5, further comprising:
an auxiliary winding, configured to generate a fourth voltage with a fourth ripple waveform according to the modulated first voltage; and
a power supply unit, coupled to the auxiliary winding, and configured to convert the fourth voltage and output a direct current, so as to supply power to the driving unit and/or the control unit respectively.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The power adapter according to claim 6, further comprising:
a first voltage detecting unit, coupled to the auxiliary winding and the control unit respectively, and configured to detect the fourth voltage to generate a voltage detecting value, wherein the control unit is further configured to adjust the duty ratio of the control signal according to the voltage detecting value.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The power adapter according to claim 1, wherein a working frequency of the transformer ranges from 50 KHz to 2 MHz.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The power adapter according to claim 1, wherein the sampling unit comprises:
a first current sampling circuit, configured to sample the current at the primary winding so as to obtain the current sampling value via the control unit; and
a first voltage sampling circuit, configured to sample the voltage at the primary winding so as to obtain the voltage sampling value via the control unit.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The power adapter according to claim 9, wherein the first voltage sampling circuit comprises:
a peak voltage sampling and holding unit, configured to sample and hold a peak voltage of the modulated first voltage;
a cross-zero sampling unit, configured to sample a zero crossing point of the modulated first voltage;
a leakage unit, configured to perform a leakage on the peak voltage sampling and holding unit at the zero crossing point; and
an AD sampling unit, configured to sample the peak voltage in the peak voltage sampling and holding unit so as to obtain the voltage sampling value via the control unit.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The power adapter according to claim 1, wherein a waveform of the modulated first voltage keeps synchronous with the third ripple waveform.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The power adapter according claim 1, further comprising:
a second voltage sampling circuit, configured to sample the first voltage, and coupled to the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to control the switch unit to switch on for a first predetermined time period for discharging when a voltage value sampled by the second voltage sampling circuit is greater than a first predetermined voltage value.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The power adapter according to claim 1, wherein
the power adapter comprises a first charging interface,
the first charging interface comprises: a power wire, configured to charge the battery; and a data wire, configured to communicate with the terminal when the power adapter is coupled to the terminal via the first charging interface;
the control unit is configured to communicate with the terminal via the first charging interface to determine a charging mode, in which the charging mode comprises a first charging mode and a second charging mode, and the second charging mode is different from the first charging mode.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The power adapter according to claim 13, further comprising:
a controllable switch and a filtering unit coupled in series, coupled to a first output end of the second rectifier, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the controllable switch to switch on when determining the charging mode as the first charging mode so as to introduce the filtering unit to perform a filtering function on the output of the second rectifier to realize direct current charging of the terminal when the power adapter is coupled to the terminal, and to control the controllable switch to switch off when determining the charging mode as the second charging mode.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The power adapter according to claim 13, wherein the control unit is further configured to obtain a charging current and/or a charging voltage corresponding to the second charging mode according to the status information of the terminal when the power adapter is coupled to the terminal, and to adjust the duty ratio of the control signal according to the obtained charging current and/or the charging voltage corresponding to the second charging mode, when it is determined that the charging mode is the second charging mode.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The power adapter according to claim 15, wherein the status information of the terminal comprises a temperature of the battery, wherein when the temperature of the battery is greater than a first predetermined temperature threshold or the temperature of the battery is less than a second predetermined temperature threshold, the second charging mode is switched to the first charging mode when a current charging mode is the second charging mode, in which the first predetermined temperature threshold is greater than the second predetermined temperature threshold;
wherein the control unit is further configured to control the switch unit to switch off when the temperature of the battery is greater than a predetermined temperature protection threshold during the charging process.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The power adapter according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the switch unit to switch off when the voltage sampling value is greater than a second predetermined voltage value; or
the control unit is further configured to control the switch unit to switch off when the current sampling value is greater than a predetermined current value; or
the control unit is further configured to obtain a temperature of a first charging interface of the power adapter via which the power adapter is coupled to the terminal, and to control the switch unit to switch off when the temperature of the first charging interface is greater than a predetermined protection temperature.

### Claim 18 (depends on 13)

The power adapter according to claim 13, wherein when performing the bidirectional communication with the terminal via the data wire of the first charging interface to determine to charge the terminal in the second charging mode,
the control unit is configured to send a first instruction to the terminal, in which the first instruction is configured to query the terminal whether to start the second charging mode; and
the control unit is configured to receive a first reply instruction from the terminal, in which the first reply instruction is configured to indicate that the terminal agrees to start the second charging mode.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The power adapter according to claim 18, wherein, the control unit is configured to send the first instruction to the terminal when determining that a charging duration of the first charging mode is greater than a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The power adapter according to claim 18, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the power adapter to adjust a charging current to a charging current corresponding to the second charging mode by controlling the switch unit, and before the power adapter charges the terminal with the charging current corresponding to the second charging mode, the control unit is configured to perform the bidirectional communication with the terminal via the data wire of the first charging interface to determine a charging voltage corresponding to the second charging mode, and to control the power adapter to adjust a charging voltage to the charging voltage corresponding to the second charging mode.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The power adapter according to claim 20, wherein when performing the bidirectional communication with the terminal via the data wire of the first charging interface to determine the charging voltage corresponding to the second charging mode,
the control unit is configured to send a second instruction to the terminal, in which the second instruction is configured to query whether a current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable for being used as the charging voltage corresponding to the second charging mode;
the control unit is configured to receive a second reply instruction sent from the terminal, in which the second reply instruction is configured to indicate that the current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable, high or low; and
the control unit is configured to determine the charging voltage corresponding to the second charging mode according to the second reply instruction.

### Claim 22 (depends on 20)

The power adapter according to claim 20, wherein, before controlling the power adapter to adjust the charging current to the charging current corresponding to the second charging mode, the control unit is further configured to perform the bidirectional communication with the terminal via the data wire of the first charging interface to determine the charging current corresponding to the second charging mode;
wherein, when performing the bidirectional communication with the terminal via the data wire of the first charging interface to determines the charging current corresponding to the second charging mode,
the control unit is configured to send a third instruction to the terminal, in which the third terminal is configured to query a maximum charging current supported by the terminal;
the control unit is configured to receive a third reply instruction sent from the terminal, in which the third reply instruction is configured to indicate the maximum charging current supported by the terminal; and
the control unit is configured to determine the charging current corresponding to the second charging mode according to the third reply instruction.

### Claim 23 (depends on 18)

The power adapter according to claim 18, wherein during a process that the power adapter charges the terminal in the second charging mode, the control unit is further configured to perform the bidirectional communication with the terminal via the data wire of the first charging interface, so as to continuously adjust a charging current outputted to the battery from the power adapter by controlling the switch unit;
when performing the bidirectional communication with the terminal via the data wire of the first charging interface to continuously adjust the charging current outputted to the battery from the power adapter by controlling the switch unit,
the control unit is configured to send a fourth instruction to the terminal, in which the fourth instruction is configured to query a current voltage of the battery in the terminal;
the control unit is configured to receive a fourth reply instruction sent by the terminal, in which the fourth reply instruction is configured to indicate the current voltage of the battery in the terminal; and
the control unit is configured to adjust the charging current by controlling the switch unit according to the current voltage of the battery.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The power adapter according to claim 23, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the charging current outputted to the battery from the power adapter to a charging current value corresponding to the current voltage of the battery by controlling the switch unit according to the current voltage of the battery and a predetermined correspondence between battery voltage values and charging current values.

### Claim 25 (depends on 23)

The power adapter according to claim 23, wherein, during the process that the power adapter charges the terminal in the second charging mode, the control unit is further configured to determine whether there is a poor contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface by performing the bidirectional communication with the terminal via the data wire of the first charging interface,
wherein, when determining that there is the poor contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface, the control unit is configured to control the power adapter to quit the second charging mode.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The power adapter according to claim 25, wherein, before determining whether there is a poor contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface, the control unit is further configured to receive information indicating a path impedance of the terminal from the terminal, wherein
the control unit is configured to send a fourth instruction to the terminal, in which the fourth instruction is configured to query a current voltage of the battery in the terminal;
the control unit is configured to receive a fourth reply instruction sent by the terminal, in which the fourth reply instruction is configured to indicate the current voltage of the battery in the terminal;
the control unit is configured to determine a path impedance from the power adapter to the battery according to an output voltage of the power adapter and the current voltage of the battery; and
the control unit is configured to determine whether there is the poor contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface according to the path impedance from the power adapter to the battery, the path impedance of the terminal, and a path impedance of a charging wire between the power adapter and the terminal.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The power adapter according to claim 26, wherein, before the power adapter quits the second charging mode, the control unit is further configured to send a fifth instruction to the terminal, in which the fifth instruction is configured to indicate that there is the poor contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface.

### Claim 28

A charging system, comprising:
a battery;
a first rectifier, configured to rectify an input alternating current and output a first voltage with a first ripple waveform;
a switch unit, configured to modulate the first voltage according to a control signal and output a modulated first voltage;
a transformer, having a primary winding and a secondary winding, and configured to output a second voltage with a second ripple waveform according to the modulated first voltage;
a second rectifier, coupled to the secondary winding, and configured to rectify the second voltage to output a third voltage with a third ripple waveform, wherein the third voltage is configured to charge the battery;
a sampling unit, arranged at a primary side of the transformer, and configured to sample voltage and/or current at the primary winding;
a control unit, arranged at a secondary side of the transformer, coupled to the sampling unit and the switch unit respectively, and configured to output the control signal to the switch unit, wherein the control unit is further configured to change an output of the second rectifier by adjusting a duty ratio of the control signal according to the current sampling value and/or the voltage sampling value such that the third voltage meets a charging requirement of the battery; and
a first isolation unit, arranged between the control unit and the sampling unit, and configured to prevent high voltages from affecting the control unit at the secondary side of the transformer receiving signals sent by the sampling unit at the primary side of the transformer.

### Claim 29

A charging method, comprising:
performing a first rectification on an input alternating current to output a first voltage with a first ripple waveform;
modulating the first voltage by controlling a switch unit, and outputting a second voltage with a second ripple waveform by a conversion of a transformer;
performing a second rectification on the second voltage to output a third voltage with a third ripple waveform, and applying the third voltage to a battery;
sampling voltage and/or current at a primary winding of the transformer; and
adjusting a duty ratio of a control signal for controlling the switch unit according to the current sampling value and/or the voltage sampling value such that the third voltage meets a charging requirement of the battery.